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C175 Data Management Foundations > Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Domain

A

In data modeling, the construct used to organize and describe an attribute’s set of possible values.

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2
Q

Key

A

One or more attributes that determine other attributes.

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3
Q

What are the types of keys?

A
  • Superkey
  • Candidate key
  • Primary key
  • Secondary key
  • Foreign key
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4
Q

Primary key

A

In the relational model, an identifier composed of one or more attributes that uniquely identifies a row. Also, a candidate key selected as a unique entity identifier.

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5
Q

Determination

A
  • The role of a key
  • In the context of a database table, the statement “A determines B” indicates that knowing the value of attribute A means that the value of attribute B can be looked up.
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6
Q

Functional dependence

A
  • Within a relation R, an attribute B is functionally dependent on an attribute A if and only if a given value of attribute A determines exactly one value of attribute B.
  • The relationship “B is dependent on A” is equivalent to “A determines B,” and is written as A -> B.
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7
Q

Determinant

A

Any attribute in a specific row whose value directly determines other values in that row

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8
Q

Dependent

A

An attribute whose value is determined by another attribute

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9
Q

Full functional dependence

A

A condition in which an attribute is functionally dependent on a composite key but not on any subset of the key.

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10
Q

Composite key

A

A multiple-attribute key

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11
Q

Key attributes

A

The attributes that form a primary key

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12
Q

Superkey

A

An attribute or attributes that uniquely identify each entity in a table.

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13
Q

Candidate key

A

A minimal superkey; that is, a key that does not contain a subset of attributes that is itself a superkey.

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14
Q

Entity integrity

A

The property of a relational table that guarantees each entity has a unique value in a primary key and that the key has no null values.

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15
Q

Null

A

The absence of an attribute value. Note that a null is not a blank.

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16
Q

Foreign key (FK)

A

An attribute or attributes in one table whose values must match the primary key in another table or whose values must be null.

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17
Q

Referential integrity

A

A condition by which a dependent table’s foreign key must have either a null entry or a matching entry in the related table.

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18
Q

Secondary key

A
  • A key used strictly for data retrieval purposes.
  • For example, customers are not likely to know their customer number (primary key), but the combination of last name, first name, middle initial, and telephone number will probably match the appropriate table row.
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19
Q

What are the 3 types of referential integrity rules?

A
  • Delete
  • Insert
  • Update
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20
Q

Flags

A
  • Special codes implemented by designers to trigger a required response, alert end users to specified conditions, or encode values.
  • Flags may be used to prevent nulls by bringing attention to the absence of a value in a table.
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21
Q

Composite entity

A

An entity designed to transform an M:N relationship into two 1:M relationships. The composite entity’s primary key comprises at least the primary keys of the entities that it connects.

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22
Q

What are the other names that refer to the definition of “composite entity”?

A
  • Bridge entity

- Associative entity

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23
Q

Linking table

A
  • In the relational model, a table that implements an M:M relationship.
  • In other words, a linking table is the implementation of a composite entity.
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24
Q

Index

A

An ordered array of index key values and row ID values (pointers). Indexes are generally used to speed up and facilitate data retrieval.

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25
Q

_____ ____ can also be referred to as a index

A

Index key

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26
Q

Unique index

A

An index in which the index key can have only one associated pointer value (row).

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27
Q

The practical significance of taking the logical view is that it serves as a reminder of the simple file concept of data storage. (T/F)

A

True

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28
Q

You can think of a table as a persistent representation of a logical relation.

A

True

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29
Q

The order of the rows and columns is important to the DBMS.

A

False

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30
Q

Character data type also known as string data type, can contain any character or symbol not intended for mathematical manipulation, but character sets can include digits or a numeric string. (T/F)

A

True

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31
Q

A candidate key is a minimal superkey without any unnecessary attributes. (T/F)

A

True

32
Q

Each table _____ represents an attribute.

A

Column

33
Q

Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the _____ date format.

A

Julian

34
Q

A table is also called a _____ because the relational model’s creator, E. F. Codd, used the two terms as synonyms.

A

Relation

35
Q

In a relational table, each column has a specific range of values known as the ______ domain.

A

Attribute

36
Q

_____ logic, used extensively in mathematics, provides a framework in which an assertion (statement of fact) can be verified as either true or false.

A

Predicate

37
Q

Primary keys are required in relational databases to ensure entity integrity. (T/F)

A

True

38
Q

The idea of determination is unique to the database environment. (T/F)

A

False

39
Q

Only a single attribute, not multiple attributes, can define functional dependence. (T/F)

A

False

40
Q

If the attribute (B) is functionally dependent on a composite key (A) but not on any subset of that composite key, the attribute (B) is fully functionally dependent on (A). (T/F)

A

True

41
Q

A null is created when you press the Enter key or the Tab key to move to the next entry without making a prior entry of any kind. (T/F)

A

True

42
Q

Depending on the sophistication of the application development software, nulls can create problems when functions such as COUNT, AVERAGE, and SUM are used. (T/F)

A

True

43
Q

In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.

A

Keys

44
Q

A _____ is a key that can uniquely identify any row in the table.

A

Superkey

45
Q

A _____ key can be described as a minimal superkey, a superkey without any unnecessary attributes.

A

Candidate

46
Q

A _____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute.

A

Foreign key

47
Q

A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.

A

Secondary

48
Q

When you define a table’s primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared.

A

Unique

49
Q

In a relational model, ____ are also used to establish relationships among tables and to ensure the integrity of the data.

A

Keys

50
Q

A primary key is a _____ key selected to uniquely identify all other attribute values in any given row.

A

Candidate

51
Q

A table is also called a relation because the relational model’s creator, E. F. Codd, used the two terms as __________.

A

Synonyms

52
Q

A ______ is perceived as a two-dimensional structure composed of rows and columns.

A

Table

53
Q

The word ______, also known as a dataset in Microsoft Access, is based on the mathematical set theory from which Codd derived his model.

A

Relation

54
Q

Rows are sometimes referred to as __________.

A

Records

55
Q

The CUSTOMER table’s primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of _____ ______.

A

Entity Integrity

56
Q

Referential _____ dictates that the foreign key must contain values that match the primary key in the related table, or must contain null.

A

Integrity

57
Q

The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column.

A

NOT NULL

58
Q

To avoid nulls, some designers use special codes, known as _____, to indicate the absence of some value.

A

Flags

59
Q

RDBMSs enforce integrity rules automatically. (T/F)

A

True

60
Q

The one to many (1:M) relationship is easily implemented in the relational model by putting the foreign key of the “1” side in the table of the “many” side as a primary key. (T/F)

A

False

61
Q

As rare as 1:1 relationships should be, certain conditions absolutely require their use. (T/F)

A

True

62
Q

The _____ relationship is the “relational model ideal.”

A

1:M

63
Q

The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design.

A

1:1

64
Q

_____ relationships can be implemented by creating a new entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities.

A

M:N

65
Q

Another name for a composite entity is a(n) _____ entity.

A

Bridge

66
Q

The ___ relationship is the relational database norm.

A

1:M

67
Q

____ relationships cannot be implemented as such in the relational model.

A

M:N

68
Q

If one department chair “a professor” can chair only one department, and one department can have only one department chair. The entities PROFESSOR and DEPARTMENT exhibit a ___ relationship

A

1:1

69
Q

One characteristic of generalization hierarchies is that they are implemented as ____ relationships.

A

1:1

70
Q

The proper use of ______ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy.

A

Foreign

71
Q

Proper data ________ design requires carefully defined and controlled data redundancies to function properly.

A

Warehousing

72
Q

The database designer has two main options when defining a composite table’s primary key: use the combination of foreign keys or create a new primary key. (T/F)

A

True

73
Q

A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.

A

Index

74
Q

A ______ index is an index in which the index key can have only one pointer value (row) associated with it.

A

Unique

75
Q

An index key can have multiple _______ (a composite index).

A

Attributes

C175 Data Management Foundations (9 decks)

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