Lesson 26 Flashcards
아줌마 / 아주머니
middle aged/older woman
Common Usages:
청소아줌마 = cleaning lady
Examples:
저는 아줌마를 위해 문을 열었어요 = I opened the door for an older lady
아줌마 and 아주머니 are commonly used to refer to an older woman that you don’t know the name of, or even do know the name of but aren’t close enough to call her by her name.
This also extends to older women who work in a restaurant.
청소아줌마
cleaning lady
noun
middle aged/older woman
아줌마 / 아주머니
Common Usages:
청소아줌마 = cleaning lady
Examples:
저는 아줌마를 위해 문을 열었어요 = I opened the door for an older lady
아줌마 and 아주머니 are commonly used to refer to an older woman that you don’t know the name of, or even do know the name of but aren’t close enough to call her by her name.
This also extends to older women who work in a restaurant.
물건
thing, item, goods
Common Usages:
비싼 물건 = an expensive item
Examples:
제가 산 물건을 언제 받을 수 있어요? = When can I receive the goods I purchased?
한국에서는 세금이 물건 값에 포함돼요 = In Korea, tax is included in the price of goods
비싼 물건
an expensive item
thing, item, goods
물건
Common Usages:
비싼 물건 = an expensive item
Examples:
제가 산 물건을 언제 받을 수 있어요? = When can I receive the goods I purchased?
한국에서는 세금이 물건 값에 포함돼요 = In Korea, tax is included in the price of goods
복도
“복또”
hall, hallway
Common Usages:
좁은 복도 = narrow hallway
긴 복도 = long hallway
좁은 복도
narrow hallway
긴 복도
long hallway
hall, hallway
복도
“복또”
Common Usages:
좁은 복도 = narrow hallway
긴 복도 = long hallway
목적
“목쩍”
purpose, aim, goal
Common Usages:
목적을 이루다 = to achieve a goal
목적을 달성하다 = to achieve a goal
목적을 세우다 = to set a goal
목적어 = an object (in a sentence ), in other words, the thing that “~을/를” is attached to
목적지 = destination (the “goal” place)
Examples:
저는 목적을 이루지 못했어요 = I couldn’t achieve my goal
우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 = Our school’s goal is becoming an international school
친구와 여행의 목적을 정하고 여행 일정을 대충 만들었어요 = I set the goals of the trip with my friend and then made rough travel plans
목적을 이루다
to achieve a goal
목적을 달성하다
to achieve a goal
목적을 세우다
to set a goal
목적어
an object (in a sentence ), in other words, the thing that “~을/를” is attached to
purpose, aim, goal
목적
“목쩍”
Common Usages:
목적을 이루다 = to achieve a goal
목적을 달성하다 = to achieve a goal
목적을 세우다 = to set a goal
목적어 = an object (in a sentence ), in other words, the thing that “~을/를” is attached to
목적지 = destination (the “goal” place)
Examples:
저는 목적을 이루지 못했어요 = I couldn’t achieve my goal
우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 = Our school’s goal is becoming an international school
친구와 여행의 목적을 정하고 여행 일정을 대충 만들었어요 = I set the goals of the trip with my friend and then made rough travel plans
목적지
“목쩍찌”
destination
Common Usages:
목적지에 도착하다 = to arrive at a destination
목적지를 정하다 = to decide on a destination
최종목적지 = final destination
Examples:
우리가 목적지에 거의 도착했어요 = We have almost arrived at our destination
최종목적지가 어디예요? = Where is your final destination?
Notes: “목적” translates to “goal.” 지 (地) refers to land or a place.
“목적지” literally refers to the “goal” place or “the place one is headed towards.”
This is easier translated to just “destination.”
destination
목적지
“목쩍찌”
Common Usages:
목적지에 도착하다 = to arrive at a destination
목적지를 정하다 = to decide on a destination
최종목적지 = final destination
Examples:
우리가 목적지에 거의 도착했어요 = We have almost arrived at our destination
최종목적지가 어디예요? = Where is your final destination?
Notes: “목적” translates to “goal.” 지 (地) refers to land or a place.
“목적지” literally refers to the “goal” place or “the place one is headed towards.”
This is easier translated to just “destination.”
목적지에 도착하다
to arrive at a destination
목적지를 정하다
to decide on a destination
최종목적지
final destination
국가
“국까”
nation, country
Common Usages:
공산국가 = communist nation
민주국가 = democratic nation
국가주의자 = nationalist
국가대표팀 = national team
Examples:
모든 국가의 자원은 국민이다 = The resource of all nations is its people
30개의 유럽국가에서 각 나라 대표들이 왔어요 = Representatives from 30 European nations came
공산국가
communist nation
민주국가
democratic nation
국가주의자
nationalist
국가대표팀
national team
nation, country
국가
“국까”
Common Usages:
공산국가 = communist nation
민주국가 = democratic nation
국가주의자 = nationalist
국가대표팀 = national team
Examples:
모든 국가의 자원은 국민이다 = The resource of all nations is its people
30개의 유럽국가에서 각 나라 대표들이 왔어요 = Representatives from 30 European nations came
동네
neighborhood
Examples:
여기는 역사적인 동네입니다 = This (here) is a historical neighborhood
어느 동네에서 살아요? = Which neighborhood do you live in?
그 동네에는 가난한 사람이 많아요 = There are many poor people in that neighborhood
이 동네에서 산 지 얼마나 되었어요? = How long have you lived in this neighborhood for?
이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요 = There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood
neighbourhood
동네
Examples:
여기는 역사적인 동네입니다 = This (here) is a historical neighborhood
어느 동네에서 살아요? = Which neighborhood do you live in?
그 동네에는 가난한 사람이 많아요 = There are many poor people in that neighborhood
이 동네에서 산 지 얼마나 되었어요? = How long have you lived in this neighborhood for?
이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요 = There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood
학비
“학삐”
tuition
Common Usages:
학비를 내다 = to pay one’s tuition
Examples:
학비를 언제까지 내야 돼요? = Until when do I have to pay my tuition?
저는 그 대학교에 가고 싶지만 학비가 너무 비싸요 = I want to go to that university, but the tuition is too expensive
학비를 내다
to pay one’s tuition
tuition
학비
“학삐”
Common Usages:
학비를 내다 = to pay one’s tuition
Examples:
학비를 언제까지 내야 돼요? = Until when do I have to pay my tuition?
저는 그 대학교에 가고 싶지만 학비가 너무 비싸요 = I want to go to that university, but the tuition is too expensive
무기
weapon
Examples:
군대에서는 사람들이 무기훈련을 받아요 = People in the army receive weapon training
학교에서 무기를 가지고 있는 것은 불법입니다 = It is illegal to carry a weapon in school
weapon
무기
Examples:
군대에서는 사람들이 무기훈련을 받아요 = People in the army receive weapon training
학교에서 무기를 가지고 있는 것은 불법입니다 = It is illegal to carry a weapon in school
정답
right/correct answer
Common Usages:
정답을 알다 = to know the right answer
정답을 맞추다 = to guess the right answer
Examples:
그는 정답을 아는 척했어요 = He pretended to know the right answer
정답을 안다면 손을 들어! = If you know the correct answer, raise your hand!
Notes: This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell “정답!”
정답을 알다
to know the right answer
정답을 맞추다
to guess the right answer
right/correct answer
정답
Common Usages:
정답을 알다 = to know the right answer
정답을 맞추다 = to guess the right answer
Examples:
그는 정답을 아는 척했어요 = He pretended to know the right answer
정답을 안다면 손을 들어! = If you know the correct answer, raise your hand!
Notes: This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell “정답!”
청소년
youth
Examples:
청소년들은 그들 자신을 사랑하지 않는다 = Young people don’t love themselves
이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t bring young people to this area
일본에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요
= In Japan, adults read more comic books than kids do in America
이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요
= There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood
youth
청소년
Examples:
청소년들은 그들 자신을 사랑하지 않는다 = Young people don’t love themselves
이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t bring young people to this area
일본에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요
= In Japan, adults read more comic books than kids do in America
이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요
= There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood
지역
a certain area or region
Common Usages:
지역 번호 = area code
Examples: 우리가 사는 지역이 조금 위험해요 = The area we live in is a little bit dangerous
이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t bring young people to this area
Notes: 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) etc..
구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park, etc. (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)
지역 번호
area code
a certain area or region
지역
Common Usages:
지역 번호 = area code
Examples: 우리가 사는 지역이 조금 위험해요 = The area we live in is a little bit dangerous
이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t bring young people to this area
Notes: 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) etc..
구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park, etc. (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)
경기
match or game
Common Usages:
경기장 = sports stadium
경기력 = sports performance
Examples:
우리는 3대 2로 경기를 이겼어요 = We won the game 3 to 2
우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 = We beat the other team in the basketball game
축구경기를 보면서 맥주를 마셨어요 = I watched the match while drinking beer
축구 경기를 내일 보러 갈래요? = Shall we go to see a soccer game tomorrow?
야구 경기에서 두산은 LG를 이기게 되었어요 = Doosan ended up beating LG in the baseball game
제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요 = As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match
경기장
sports stadium
경기력
sports performance
match or game
경기
Common Usages:
경기장 = sports stadium
경기력 = sports performance
Examples:
우리는 3대 2로 경기를 이겼어요 = We won the game 3 to 2
우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 = We beat the other team in the basketball game
축구경기를 보면서 맥주를 마셨어요 = I watched the match while drinking beer
축구 경기를 내일 보러 갈래요? = Shall we go to see a soccer game tomorrow?
야구 경기에서 두산은 LG를 이기게 되었어요 = Doosan ended up beating LG in the baseball game
제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요 = As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match
Noun
점수
grade, score
Common Usages:
시험 점수 = exam score
높은 점수 = high score
낮은 점수 = low score
Examples:
제가 받을 점수는 중요해요 = The score I will receive is important
학생들한테 점수를 안 보여줘도 돼요 = I/you don’t need to show the scores to the students
학생들이 자기의 점수가 너무 낮다고 불평하지 않았으면 좋겠어요 = I wish students didn’t complain that their score was too low
시험 점수
exam score
높은 점수
high score
낮은 점수
low score
Noun
grade, score
점수
Common Usages:
시험 점수 = exam score
높은 점수 = high score
낮은 점수 = low score
Examples:
제가 받을 점수는 중요해요 = The score I will receive is important
학생들한테 점수를 안 보여줘도 돼요 = I/you don’t need to show the scores to the students
학생들이 자기의 점수가 너무 낮다고 불평하지 않았으면 좋겠어요 = I wish students didn’t complain that their score was too low
Noun
선수
player (in sports)
Common Usages:
축구선수 = soccer player
농구선수 = basketball player
수영선수 = swimmer
Examples:
야구선수는 공을 세게 던졌어요 = The baseball player threw the ball hard
그는 축구선수만큼 달리기를 잘해요 = He runs as well as a soccer athlete/player
선수는 숨을 못 쉬도록 뛰었어요 = The athlete ran to the extent that he couldn’t breathe
선수가 공을 골대에 넣자마자 관중들은 환호하기 시작했어요
= As soon as the player put the ball into the net, the spectators/crowd started cheering
제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요
= As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match
In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.
축구선수
soccer player
농구선수
basketball player
수영선수
swimmer
Noun
player (in sports)
선수
Common Usages:
축구선수 = soccer player
농구선수 = basketball player
수영선수 = swimmer
Examples:
야구선수는 공을 세게 던졌어요 = The baseball player threw the ball hard
그는 축구선수만큼 달리기를 잘해요 = He runs as well as a soccer athlete/player
선수는 숨을 못 쉬도록 뛰었어요 = The athlete ran to the extent that he couldn’t breathe
선수가 공을 골대에 넣자마자 관중들은 환호하기 시작했어요
= As soon as the player put the ball into the net, the spectators/crowd started cheering
제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요
= As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match
In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.
목숨
“목쑴”
life
Common Usages:
목숨을 잃었다 = to lose a life (to die)
목숨을 걸다 = to risk one’s life
목숨을 살리다 = to save one’s life
목숨을 바치다 = to dedicate one’s life
Examples:
사람 네 명은 목숨을 잃었다 = Four people lost their lives
그 사람은 사고로 인해 목숨을 잃었어요 = That person died from due to a car accident
Notes: This word translates to “life” but is usually used when one ‘loses,’ ‘saves,’ or ‘dedicates’ a life.
목숨을 잃었다
to lose a life (to die)
목숨을 걸다
to risk one’s life
목숨을 살리다
to save one’s life
목숨을 바치다
to dedicate one’s life
life
목숨
“목쑴”
Notes: This word translates to “life” but is usually used when one ‘loses,’ ‘saves,’ or ‘dedicates’ a life.
Common Usages:
목숨을 잃었다 = to lose a life (to die)
목숨을 걸다 = to risk one’s life
목숨을 살리다 = to save one’s life
목숨을 바치다 = to dedicate one’s life
Examples:
사람 네 명은 목숨을 잃었다 = Four people lost their lives
그 사람은 사고로 인해 목숨을 잃었어요 = That person died from due to a car accident
모기
mosquito
Common Usages:
모기에 물리다 = to be bitten by a mosquito
모기를 퇴치하다 = to get rid of “eradicate” mosquitos
Example:
숲에는 모기가 많아요 = There are a lot of mosquitos in the forest
모기가 파리보다 잡아죽이는 것이 더 쉬워요 = It is easier to catch and kill mosquitos than flies
모기에 물리다
to be bitten by a mosquito
모기를 퇴치하다
to get rid of “eradicate” mosquitos
mosquito
모기
Common Usages:
모기에 물리다 = to be bitten by a mosquito
모기를 퇴치하다 = to get rid of “eradicate” mosquitos
Example:
숲에는 모기가 많아요 = There are a lot of mosquitos in the forest
모기가 파리보다 잡아죽이는 것이 더 쉬워요 = It is easier to catch and kill mosquitos than flies
허리
waist
Common Usages:
허리가 아프다 = for one’s back to be sore
허리를 구부리다/굽히다 = to bend over
Examples:
하루 종일 일을 해서 이제 허리가 아파요 = My back is sore after working all day
Notes: Although this typically translates to “waist,” Korean people often say “허리(가) 아프다” when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say “아우! 허리 아파!” In English, it would be unnatural to say “Ahh! My waist hurts!” It would be more natural to say “My back hurts.”
허리가 아프다
for one’s back to be sore
허리를 구부리다/굽히다
to bend over
waist
허리
Common Usages:
허리가 아프다 = for one’s back to be sore
허리를 구부리다/굽히다 = to bend over
Examples:
하루 종일 일을 해서 이제 허리가 아파요 = My back is sore after working all day
Notes: Although this typically translates to “waist,” Korean people often say “허리(가) 아프다” when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say “아우! 허리 아파!” In English, it would be unnatural to say “Ahh! My waist hurts!” It would be more natural to say “My back hurts.”
달
moon
Common Usages:
달력 = calendar
초승달 = a crescent shaped moon
보름달 = a full moon
Examples:
오늘 달이 왠지 아주 커 보여요 = For some reason the moon looks big tonight
Notes: When talking about the moons of other planets, the word “위성” (which typically translates to “satellite”) is used.
달력
calendar
초승달
a crescent shaped moon
보름달
a full moon
moon
달
Common Usages:
달력 = calendar
초승달 = a crescent shaped moon
보름달 = a full moon
Examples:
오늘 달이 왠지 아주 커 보여요 = For some reason the moon looks big tonight
Notes: When talking about the moons of other planets, the word “위성” (which typically translates to “satellite”) is used.
인사
greeting
Common Usages:
인사말 = greeting words
인사를 받다 = to receive a greeting
인사를 드리다 = to give a greeting (to greet a person in a formal way – like to a boss or something)
인사를 주고받다 = to exchange greetings
Examples:
할아버지께 인사를 드리고 싶어요 = I want to greet my grandfather
저는 친구에게 반갑게 인사했어요 = I greeted my friend happily
그 사람에게 인사하기 싫어서 다른 사람과 통화하고 있는 척했어요 = I didn’t want to say ‘hi’ to (greet) that person, so I pretended to be talking on the phone with somebody else
인사말
greeting words
인사를 받다
to receive a greeting
인사를 드리다
to give a greeting (to greet a person in a formal way – like to a boss or something)
인사를 주고받다
to exchange greetings
Noun
greeting
인사
Common Usages:
인사말 = greeting words
인사를 받다 = to receive a greeting
인사를 드리다 = to give a greeting (to greet a person in a formal way – like to a boss or something)
인사를 주고받다 = to exchange greetings
Examples:
할아버지께 인사를 드리고 싶어요 = I want to greet my grandfather
저는 친구에게 반갑게 인사했어요 = I greeted my friend happily
그 사람에게 인사하기 싫어서 다른 사람과 통화하고 있는 척했어요 = I didn’t want to say ‘hi’ to (greet) that person, so I pretended to be talking on the phone with somebody else
소금
salt
Common Usages:
소금을 뿌리다 = to sprinkle some salt
Example:
소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 안 좋아요 = It is not healthy to eat a lot of salt
Notes: When Korean people put “salt” on the road, they refer to it as “염화칼슘” (Calcium Chloride)
소금을 뿌리다
to sprinkle some salt
salt
소금
Common Usages:
소금을 뿌리다 = to sprinkle some salt
Example:
소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 안 좋아요 = It is not healthy to eat a lot of salt
Notes: When Korean people put “salt” on the road, they refer to it as “염화칼슘” (Calcium Chloride)
담배
tobacco, cigarettes
Common Usages:
담배를 피우다 = to smoke cigarettes
담뱃값 = the price of cigarettes
담배에 중독되다 = to be addicted to cigarettes
담배를 끊다 = to quit smoking
Examples:
담배를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요 = It is unhealthy to smoke cigarettes
옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 = There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 담배를 피워도 돼요 = You are allowed to smoke here because this is a smoking area
담배를 피우다
to smoke cigarettes
담뱃값
the price of cigarettes
담배에 중독되다
to be addicted to cigarettes
담배를 끊다
to quit smoking
tobacco, cigarettes
담배
Common Usages:
담배를 피우다 = to smoke cigarettes
담뱃값 = the price of cigarettes
담배에 중독되다 = to be addicted to cigarettes
담배를 끊다 = to quit smoking
Examples:
담배를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요 = It is unhealthy to smoke cigarettes
옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 = There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 담배를 피워도 돼요 = You are allowed to smoke here because this is a smoking area
환자
patients
Common Usages:
응급환자 = emergency patient
Examples:
옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요
= There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
의사가 환자에게 열이 다 내렸냐고 물어봤어요
= the doctor asked the patient if his/her fever went down
환자분이 느끼는 고통은 부작용 중 하나 일 뿐이에요
= The pain you (the patient) are feeling is just one of the side effects
응급환자
emergency patient
patients
환자
Common Usages:
응급환자 = emergency patient
Examples:
옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요
= There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
의사가 환자에게 열이 다 내렸냐고 물어봤어요
= the doctor asked the patient if his/her fever went down
환자분이 느끼는 고통은 부작용 중 하나 일 뿐이에요
= The pain you (the patient) are feeling is just one of the side effects
옷걸이
“옫꺼리”
hanger
Common Usages:
옷걸이에 옷을 걸다 = to hang clothes with a hanger
Examples:
옷을 말릴 때 옷걸이에 걸어서 말리는 것이 좋아요 = When you dry your clothes, it is good to put them on a hanger and dry them
옷걸이에 옷을 걸다
to hang clothes with a hanger
hanger
옷걸이
“옫꺼리”
Common Usages:
옷걸이에 옷을 걸다 = to hang clothes with a hanger
Examples:
옷을 말릴 때 옷걸이에 걸어서 말리는 것이 좋아요 = When you dry your clothes, it is good to put them on a hanger and dry them
국제
“국쩨”
international
Common Usages:
인천국제공항 = Incheon International Airport
국제운전면허증 = international driver’s license
국제학교 = international school
국제무역 = international trade
국제화 = internationalization
국제경제 = international economics
국제정치 = international politics
국제사회 = international community
Example:
우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 = Our school’s goal is becoming an international school
인천국제공항
Incheon International Airport
국제운전면허증
international driver’s license
국제학교
international school
국제무역
international trade
국제화
internationalization
국제경제
international economics
국제정치
international politics
국제사회
international community
international
국제
“국쩨”
Common Usages:
인천국제공항 = Incheon International Airport
국제운전면허증 = international driver’s license
국제학교 = international school
국제무역 = international trade
국제화 = internationalization
국제경제 = international economics
국제정치 = international politics
국제사회 = international community
Example:
우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 = Our school’s goal is becoming an international school
일반
usual, normal, typical
Notes: This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is “normal” or “not special.”
Common Usages:
일반적으로 = typically
일반 사람 = most people (typical people – the people who are typical)
일반 국가 = most countries (typical countries – the countries that are typical)
Examples:
고속도로가 막혀서 일반 길로 갈 거예요 = The highway is jammed, so I will take the normal road급행열차가 출발하자마자 일반 전철이 역에 들어왔어요 = As soon as the express train left, the regular train came into the station
일반적으로
typically
일반 사람
most people (typical people – the people who are typical)
일반 국가
most countries (typical countries – the countries that are typical)
usual, normal, typical
일반
Notes: This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is “normal” or “not special.”
Common Usages:
일반적으로 = typically
일반 사람 = most people (typical people – the people who are typical)
일반 국가 = most countries (typical countries – the countries that are typical)
Examples:
고속도로가 막혀서 일반 길로 갈 거예요 = The highway is jammed, so I will take the normal road급행열차가 출발하자마자 일반 전철이 역에 들어왔어요 = As soon as the express train left, the regular train came into the station
cleaning lady
청소아줌마
an expensive item
비싼 물건
narrow hallway
좁은 복도
long hallway
긴 복도
to achieve a goal
목적을 이루다
to achieve a goal
목적을 달성하다
to set a goal
목적을 세우다
an object (in a sentence ), in other words, the thing that “~을/를” is attached to
목적어
to arrive at a destination
목적지에 도착하다
to decide on a destination
목적지를 정하다
final destination
최종목적지
communist nation
공산국가
democratic nation
민주국가
nationalist
국가주의자
national team
국가대표팀
to pay one’s tuition
학비를 내다
to know the right answer
정답을 알다
to guess the right answer
정답을 맞추다
area code
지역 번호
sports stadium
경기장
sports performance
경기력
exam score
시험 점수
high score
높은 점수
low score
낮은 점수
soccer player
축구선수
basketball player
농구선수
swimmer
수영선수
to lose a life (to die)
목숨을 잃었다
to risk one’s life
목숨을 걸다
to save one’s life
목숨을 살리다
to dedicate one’s life
목숨을 바치다
to be bitten by a mosquito
모기에 물리다
to get rid of “eradicate” mosquitos
모기를 퇴치하다
for one’s back to be sore
허리가 아프다
to bend over
허리를 구부리다/굽히다
calendar
달력
a crescent shaped moon
초승달
a full moon
보름달
greeting words
인사말
to receive a greeting
인사를 받다
to give a greeting (to greet a person in a formal way – like to a boss or something)
인사를 드리다
to exchange greetings
인사를 주고받다
to sprinkle some salt
소금을 뿌리다
to smoke cigarettes
담배를 피우다
the price of cigarettes
담뱃값
to be addicted to cigarettes
담배에 중독되다
to quit smoking
담배를 끊다
emergency patient
응급환자
to hang clothes with a hanger
옷걸이에 옷을 걸다
international
국제
“국쩨”
Common Usages:
인천국제공항 = Incheon International Airport
국제운전면허증 = international driver’s license
국제학교 = international school
국제무역 = international trade
국제화 = internationalization
국제경제 = international economics
국제정치 = international politics
국제사회 = international community
Example:
우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 = Our school’s goal is becoming an international school
Incheon International Airport
인천국제공항
international driver’s license
국제운전면허증
international school
국제학교
international trade
국제무역
internationalization
국제화
international economics
국제경제
international politics
국제정치
international community
국제사회
typically
일반적으로
most people (typical people – the people who are typical)
일반 사람
most countries (typical countries – the countries that are typical)
일반 국가
사이
space, gap
Notes: If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example:
저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요 = I am standing between two cars
그 건물과 우리 학교 사이에 사거리가 있어요 = There is an intersection between our school and that building
It is also used to indicate that the relationship “between” people:
저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요 = The relationship between my students and me is good
밖
“박”
the outside of something
“박”
Notes: 밖 can be placed after a noun to mean “outside” of that noun. For example:
건물 밖에 = outside the building
학교 밖에 = outside the school
It can also be used on its own to refer to “outside” in general. For example:
밖이 너무 추워요 = It’s so cold outside!
Common Usages:
밖으로 나가다 = to go outside
뜻밖에 = unexpectedly
Examples:
밖에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework fast so that I could go out
나는 밖에 별로 나가고 싶지 않아 = I don’t really want to go outside
제가 밥을 먹은 후에 밖에 나갈 거예요 = After I eat, I will go outside
저는 밖에 갈 수 없을 거라고 했어요 = I said I can’t go outside/won’t be able to go outside
그는 잠옷 차림으로 밖에 나갔어요 = He went outside wearing his pajamas
건물 밖에
outside the building
학교 밖에
outside the school
밖으로 나가다
to go outside
뜻밖에
unexpectedly
깎다
“깍따”
to peel, cut, trim, shave
“깍따”
Notes: As you can see, there are many possible translations for this word. It generally refers to the action of “cutting” something. In English, depending on what you cut, the word might change.
Common Usages:
값을 깎다 = to lower a price (cut the price)
연필을 깎다 = to sharpen a pencil
머리(카락)을 깎다 = to cut one’s hair, to get one’s hair cut (usually used for males)
손톱을 깎다 = to trim one’s nails
Examples:
머리를 깎았어요? = Did you get a haircut?
값을 좀 깎아 주세요! = Please lower the price for me a little bit
값을 깎다
to lower a price (cut the price)
연필을 깎다
to sharpen a pencil
머리(카락)을 깎다
to cut one’s hair, to get one’s hair cut (usually used for males)
손톱을 깎다
to trim one’s nails
알아보다
to recognize, to try to know
Notes: This word can be used to indicate that one recognizes (or does not recognize) something, usually because of a change in appearance. When used like this, “알아보다” is formed by combining the meanings of the words “알다” (to know) and “보다” (to see). For example:
머리를 깎아서 못 알아봤어요 = I couldn’t recognize you because you cut your hair
친구가 수술을 받은 후에 알아보기 어려워요 = It is difficult to recognize my friend after she got surgery
It can also be formed by combining “알다” (to know) with the grammatical principle ~아/어보다 (to try to), which is introduced in Lesson 32. When used like this, the translation is closer to “to try to know,” and is often used when somebody looks into something new. For example:
저는 캐나다 숙소를 알아봐야 돼요 = I need to look into places to stay in Canada
어제 비행기표를 알아봤는데 싼 게 없어요 = I looked into plane tickets last night, and there is nothing cheap
극복하다
“극뽀카다”
to overcome
“극뽀카다”
The noun form of this word (“극복”) translates to something like “conquest”
Common Usages:
문제를 극복하다 = to overcome a problem
상황을 극복하다 = to overcome a situation
시련을 극복하다 = to overcome some sort of difficult situation
장애를 극복하다 = to overcome an obstacle
Examples:
이 문제를 극복하는 것이 힘들 거예요 = It will be difficult to overcome this problem
우리는 이렇게 어려운 시련을 절대 극복하지 않을 거예요 = We will never overcome this difficult situation
문제를 극복하다
to overcome a problem
상황을 극복하다
to overcome a situation
시련을 극복하다
to overcome some sort of difficult situation
장애를 극복하다
to overcome an obstacle
맞추다
“맏추다”
to adjust, fix, set
“맏추다”
Common Usages:
알람을 맞추다 = to set an alarm
양복을 맞추다 = to get a suit tailored
초점을 맞추다 = to bring something into focus
정답을 맞추다 = to guess the correct answer
Examples:
이 셔츠를 바지에 맞춰 입기 위해 노력했어요 = I tried to match this shirt with the pants
어젯밤에 알람을 맞추는 것을 깜빡해서 늦게 일어났어요 = I forgot to set my alarm last night, so I woke up late
알람을 맞추다
to set an alarm
양복을 맞추다
to get a suit tailored
초점을 맞추다
to bring something into focus
정답을 맞추다
to guess the correct answer
합격하다
“합껴카다”
to pass, to get accepted
“합껴카다”
The noun form of this word (“합격”) translates to something like “acceptance”
Common Usages:
시험에 합격하다 = to pass an exam
간신히 합격하다 = to barely pass
합격률 = the acceptance/success rate
합격자 = a person who passed/successful candidate
Examples:
그 시험을 합격하기 위해 공부를 안 해도 되었다 = I didn’t need to study to pass that test
내가 공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test
어쩌다 시험을 합격하게 되었어요 = I ended up passing the exam
시험에 합격하다
to pass an exam
간신히 합격하다
to barely pass
합격률
the acceptance/success rate
합격자
a person who passed/successful candidate
결정하다
“결쩡하다”
to decide
“결쩡하다”
The noun form of this word (“결정”) translates to “a decision.”
Common Usages:
결정력 = determination
Examples:
미국은 경제적인 결정을 했어요 = The US made an economical decision
서울에 지하철로 가기로 결정했어요 = We decided that we would take the subway to Seoul
결정력
determination
이혼하다
to get a divorce
The noun form of this word (“이혼”) translates to “a divorce”
Common Usages:
이혼율 = divorce rate
이혼소송 = a divorce suit
Examples:
소문에 의하면 그 남자는 아내랑 이혼했어요 = According to rumors, he divorced his wife
우리가 서로를 사랑하지 않아서 이혼하기로 했어요 = We decided to get a divorce because we didn’t love each other
이혼율
divorce rate
이혼소송
a divorce suit
물어보다
to ask
The formal version of this word (when asking a question to somebody who deserves high respect) is 여쭈다 (often combined with ~아/어보다 to say “여쭤보다”)
Notes: The original word for “to ask” is 묻다, but it is much more commonly used as “물어보다,” which puts a spin on the meaning of the word to “to try to ask about” (the grammar of adding ~아/어보다 to a verb is introduced in Lesson 32).
Common Usages:
질문을 물어보다 = to ask a question
Examples:
저는 점원한테 질문을 물어봤어요 = I asked the clerk a question
그것을 하려면 먼저 부장님께 물어봐야 돼요 = In order to do that, you need to ask the boss first
저는 그들에게 결혼식에 갈 거냐고 물어봤어요 = I asked if they were going to the wedding
우리 아빠는 나에게 어디 갔냐고 물어봤어 = My dad asked me where I went
저는 그에게 수영을 할 수 있냐고 물어봤어요 = I asked him if he could swim
선생님이 저에게 그 질문을 물어본 것이 기억 안 나요 = I don’t remember the teacher asking that question to me
질문을 물어보다
to ask a question
피우다
to smoke, to light a fire of some sort
Common Usages:
담배를 피우다 = smoke cigarettes
불을 피우다 = to start a fire
바람을 피우다 = to have an affair
Examples:
담배를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요 = It is unhealthy to smoke cigarettes
옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 = There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 담배를 피워도 돼요 = You are allowed to smoke here because this is a smoking area
담배를 피우다
smoke cigarettes
불을 피우다
to start a fire
바람을 피우다
to have an affair
불다
to blow
Common Usages:
바람을 불다 = for wind to blow
휘파람을 불다 = to whistle
트럼펫/트롬본/플루트를 불다 = to play the trumpet, trombone, flute
Examples:
안산에서는 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind (blows) is strong in Ansan
저는 입으로 풍선을 불었어요 = I blew up a balloon with my mouth
바다 근처에는 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind is strong near the ocean
바람을 불다
for wind to blow
휘파람을 불다
to whistle
트럼펫/트롬본/플루트를 불다
to play the trumpet, trombone, flute
계속하다
“계소카다”
to continue
“계소카다”
Notes: “계속” is used as an adverb that means “always” or “continually/continuously”
Examples:
건물을 지나가서 오른 쪽으로 가지 말고 계속 직진하세요
= Go past the building, then don’t turn right, but keep going straight
우리가 계속 얘기하다가 선생님의 말씀을 못 들었어요
= We were talking, and then (as a result) we didn’t hear what the teacher said
제가 가자고 했지만 애기는 가고 싶지 않은 듯이 계속 자고 일어나지 않았어요
= I said “let’s go,” but the baby kept sleeping as if he didn’t want to go
우리 집 옆에 살고 있는 사람이 계속 노래하는 것이 싫어요
= I hate that the person who lives in the house beside ours always sings
제가 학생들에게 뛰지 말라고 했지만 학생들이 계속 했어요
= I told the students to stop running, but they continued to do it
다치다
to injure, to hurt
Common Usages:
다친 데가 있나요? = Are you injured? (Is there any injured place?)
무릎을 다치다 = to injure one’s knee
Examples:
저는 저의 손목을 다쳤어요 = I hurt my wrist
병원에서 넘어져서 팔을 다친 아줌마가 약을 무료로 받았어요 = The woman who fell in the hospital and hurt her arm received free medicine
다친 데가 있나요?
Are you injured? (Is there any injured place?)
무릎을 다치다
to injure one’s knee
답하다
“다파다”
to answer, to respond
“다파다”
The noun form of this word (“답”) translates to “an answer”
Notes: When answering a letter or e-mail, the word “답장하다” is more commonly used.
Common Usages:
질문에 답하다 = to answer a question
정답 = the right/correct answer
Examples:
시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test
선생님은 학생들이 물어본 질문에 답했어요 = The teacher answered the question that the student asked
질문에 답하다
to answer a question
정답
the right/correct answer
틀리다
to be incorrect
Common Usages:
정보가 틀리다 = for information to be incorrect
계산이 틀리다 = for calculations to be incorrect
답이 틀리다 =for an answer to be incorrect
말이 틀리다 = for something that one says to be incorrect
Examples:
그 달력은 틀린 것 같아요 = It seems like this calendar is wrong
네가 지금 말하는 것이 틀려 = (the thing that) What you are saying now is incorrect
정보가 틀리다
for information to be incorrect
계산이 틀리다
for calculations to be incorrect
답이 틀리다
for an answer to be incorrect
말이 틀리다
for something that one says to be incorrect
깨끗하다
“깨끄타다”
to be clean
“깨끄타다”
The adverb form of this verb can be 깨끗하게 or 깨끗이, which both translate to “cleanly”
Common Usages:
깨끗한 물 = clean water
깨끗한 공기 = clean air
Examples:
이 집은 아주 깨끗해요 = This house is very clean
나는 엄마를 도와 정리를 했다. 거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다 = I helped mom clean-up/organize. We cleanly organized the living room, and then said ‘thank you’ to my mom from the bottom of my heart
깨끗한 물
clean water
깨끗한 공기
clean air
남다
“남따”
to be remaining, to be left over
“남따”
Notes: This word is often used in the present tense, the past tense or with ~아/어 있다 attached. Each has a very similar meaning. For example:
두 개 남아요 = Two are left
두 개 남았어요 = Two are left (or “two were left”)
두 개 남아 있어요 = Two are left
Common Usages:
5분 남아요 = There are 5 minutes left
5분 남았어요 = There are 5 minutes left
5분 남아 있어요 = There are 5 minutes left
몇 개 남아요? = How many are left?
몇 개 남았어요? = How many are left?
몇 개 남아 있어요? = How many are left?
Examples:
남은 음식을 포장하고 싶어요 = I want to pack up the food that is left over
맑다
“막따”
to be clear, clean, pure
“막따”
Common Usages:
맑은 날씨 = clear weather
맑은 공기 = clear air
Idiom: 윗물이 맑아야 아랫물이 맑다 = Only if one’s master is honest, can the servants be honest
Examples:
오늘 하늘이 아주 맑아 보여요 = Today, the sky looks so clear
윗물이 맑아야 아랫물이 맑다
Only if one’s master is honest, can the servants be honest
맑은 날씨
clear weather
맑은 공기
clear air
무료
free
Notes: The word 공짜(로) is very similar to 무료(로). 무료 is quite easy to remember if you know the Hanja characters:
無(무): nothing, without
料(요/료): money, fee
When used as an adverb, ~로 is often attached to 무료. For example:
캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 치료를 무료로 받을 수 있어요 = Canadian people can receive treatment at hospitals free of charge
It is often placed before a noun, acting like an adjective that describes the upcoming noun. When used like this, ~로 is usually not used. For example:
캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 무료 치료를 받을 수 있어요 = Canadian people can receive free treatment at hospitals
영업 시간
“영업 씨간”
business hours
“영업 씨간”
Notes: Although “영업” is a word by itself (which is one meaning of the word “business”), for a beginner of Korean the most common place you will see this word is as “영업 시간,” which refers to the time that a business is in operation during the day. You would most likely see this written on a sign outside of a store/restaurant or any type of business to indicate their hours.
Examples:
우리 영업시간은 오전 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다 = Our business hours are from 8 am to 5 pm
영업시간이 몇 시부터 몇 시까지예요? = From when to when are you open? (What are your business hours?)
space, gap
사이
Notes: If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example:
저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요 = I am standing between two cars
그 건물과 우리 학교 사이에 사거리가 있어요 = There is an intersection between our school and that building
It is also used to indicate that the relationship “between” people:
저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요 = The relationship between my students and me is good
the outside of something
“박”
밖
“박”
Notes: 밖 can be placed after a noun to mean “outside” of that noun. For example:
건물 밖에 = outside the building
학교 밖에 = outside the school
It can also be used on its own to refer to “outside” in general. For example:
밖이 너무 추워요 = It’s so cold outside!
Common Usages:
밖으로 나가다 = to go outside
뜻밖에 = unexpectedly
Examples:
밖에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework fast so that I could go out
나는 밖에 별로 나가고 싶지 않아 = I don’t really want to go outside
제가 밥을 먹은 후에 밖에 나갈 거예요 = After I eat, I will go outside
저는 밖에 갈 수 없을 거라고 했어요 = I said I can’t go outside/won’t be able to go outside
그는 잠옷 차림으로 밖에 나갔어요 = He went outside wearing his pajamas
outside the building
건물 밖에
outside the school
학교 밖에
to go outside
밖으로 나가다
unexpectedly
뜻밖에
to peel, cut, trim, shave
“깍따”
깎다
“깍따”
Notes: As you can see, there are many possible translations for this word. It generally refers to the action of “cutting” something. In English, depending on what you cut, the word might change.
Common Usages:
값을 깎다 = to lower a price (cut the price)
연필을 깎다 = to sharpen a pencil
머리(카락)을 깎다 = to cut one’s hair, to get one’s hair cut (usually used for males)
손톱을 깎다 = to trim one’s nails
Examples:
머리를 깎았어요? = Did you get a haircut?
값을 좀 깎아 주세요! = Please lower the price for me a little bit
to lower a price (cut the price)
값을 깎다
to sharpen a pencil
연필을 깎다
to cut one’s hair, to get one’s hair cut (usually used for males)
머리(카락)을 깎다
to trim one’s nails
손톱을 깎다
to recognize, to try to know
알아보다
Notes: This word can be used to indicate that one recognizes (or does not recognize) something, usually because of a change in appearance. When used like this, “알아보다” is formed by combining the meanings of the words “알다” (to know) and “보다” (to see). For example:
머리를 깎아서 못 알아봤어요 = I couldn’t recognize you because you cut your hair
친구가 수술을 받은 후에 알아보기 어려워요 = It is difficult to recognize my friend after she got surgery
It can also be formed by combining “알다” (to know) with the grammatical principle ~아/어보다 (to try to), which is introduced in Lesson 32. When used like this, the translation is closer to “to try to know,” and is often used when somebody looks into something new. For example:
저는 캐나다 숙소를 알아봐야 돼요 = I need to look into places to stay in Canada
어제 비행기표를 알아봤는데 싼 게 없어요 = I looked into plane tickets last night, and there is nothing cheap
to overcome
“극뽀카다”
극복하다
“극뽀카다”
The noun form of this word (“극복”) translates to something like “conquest”
Common Usages:
문제를 극복하다 = to overcome a problem
상황을 극복하다 = to overcome a situation
시련을 극복하다 = to overcome some sort of difficult situation
장애를 극복하다 = to overcome an obstacle
Examples:
이 문제를 극복하는 것이 힘들 거예요 = It will be difficult to overcome this problem
우리는 이렇게 어려운 시련을 절대 극복하지 않을 거예요 = We will never overcome this difficult situation
to overcome a problem
문제를 극복하다
to overcome a situation
상황을 극복하다
to overcome some sort of difficult situation
시련을 극복하다
to overcome an obstacle
장애를 극복하다
to adjust, fix, set
“맏추다”
맞추다
“맏추다”
Common Usages:
알람을 맞추다 = to set an alarm
양복을 맞추다 = to get a suit tailored
초점을 맞추다 = to bring something into focus
정답을 맞추다 = to guess the correct answer
Examples:
이 셔츠를 바지에 맞춰 입기 위해 노력했어요 = I tried to match this shirt with the pants
어젯밤에 알람을 맞추는 것을 깜빡해서 늦게 일어났어요 = I forgot to set my alarm last night, so I woke up late
to set an alarm
알람을 맞추다
to get a suit tailored
양복을 맞추다
to bring something into focus
초점을 맞추다
to guess the correct answer
정답을 맞추다
to pass, to get accepted
“합껴카다”
합격하다
“합껴카다”
The noun form of this word (“합격”) translates to something like “acceptance”
Common Usages:
시험에 합격하다 = to pass an exam
간신히 합격하다 = to barely pass
합격률 = the acceptance/success rate
합격자 = a person who passed/successful candidate
Examples:
그 시험을 합격하기 위해 공부를 안 해도 되었다 = I didn’t need to study to pass that test
내가 공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test
어쩌다 시험을 합격하게 되었어요 = I ended up passing the exam
to pass an exam
시험에 합격하다
to barely pass
간신히 합격하다
the acceptance/success rate
합격률
a person who passed/successful candidate
합격자
to decide
“결쩡하다”
결정하다
“결쩡하다”
The noun form of this word (“결정”) translates to “a decision.”
Common Usages:
결정력 = determination
Examples:
미국은 경제적인 결정을 했어요 = The US made an economical decision
서울에 지하철로 가기로 결정했어요 = We decided that we would take the subway to Seoul
determination
결정력
to get a divorce
이혼하다
The noun form of this word (“이혼”) translates to “a divorce”
Common Usages:
이혼율 = divorce rate
이혼소송 = a divorce suit
Examples:
소문에 의하면 그 남자는 아내랑 이혼했어요 = According to rumors, he divorced his wife
우리가 서로를 사랑하지 않아서 이혼하기로 했어요 = We decided to get a divorce because we didn’t love each other
divorce rate
이혼율
a divorce suit
이혼소송
to ask
물어보다
The formal version of this word (when asking a question to somebody who deserves high respect) is 여쭈다 (often combined with ~아/어보다 to say “여쭤보다”)
Notes: The original word for “to ask” is 묻다, but it is much more commonly used as “물어보다,” which puts a spin on the meaning of the word to “to try to ask about” (the grammar of adding ~아/어보다 to a verb is introduced in Lesson 32).
Common Usages:
질문을 물어보다 = to ask a question
Examples:
저는 점원한테 질문을 물어봤어요 = I asked the clerk a question
그것을 하려면 먼저 부장님께 물어봐야 돼요 = In order to do that, you need to ask the boss first
저는 그들에게 결혼식에 갈 거냐고 물어봤어요 = I asked if they were going to the wedding
우리 아빠는 나에게 어디 갔냐고 물어봤어 = My dad asked me where I went
저는 그에게 수영을 할 수 있냐고 물어봤어요 = I asked him if he could swim
선생님이 저에게 그 질문을 물어본 것이 기억 안 나요 = I don’t remember the teacher asking that question to me
to ask a question
질문을 물어보다
to smoke, to light a fire of some sort
피우다
Common Usages:
담배를 피우다 = smoke cigarettes
불을 피우다 = to start a fire
바람을 피우다 = to have an affair
Examples:
담배를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요 = It is unhealthy to smoke cigarettes
옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 = There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 담배를 피워도 돼요 = You are allowed to smoke here because this is a smoking area
smoke cigarettes
담배를 피우다
to start a fire
불을 피우다
to have an affair
바람을 피우다
to blow
불다
Common Usages:
바람을 불다 = for wind to blow
휘파람을 불다 = to whistle
트럼펫/트롬본/플루트를 불다 = to play the trumpet, trombone, flute
Examples:
안산에서는 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind (blows) is strong in Ansan
저는 입으로 풍선을 불었어요 = I blew up a balloon with my mouth
바다 근처에는 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind is strong near the ocean
for wind to blow
바람을 불다
to whistle
휘파람을 불다
to play the trumpet, trombone, flute
트럼펫/트롬본/플루트를 불다
to continue
“계소카다”
계속하다
“계소카다”
Notes: “계속” is used as an adverb that means “always” or “continually/continuously”
Examples:
건물을 지나가서 오른 쪽으로 가지 말고 계속 직진하세요
= Go past the building, then don’t turn right, but keep going straight
우리가 계속 얘기하다가 선생님의 말씀을 못 들었어요
= We were talking, and then (as a result) we didn’t hear what the teacher said
제가 가자고 했지만 애기는 가고 싶지 않은 듯이 계속 자고 일어나지 않았어요
= I said “let’s go,” but the baby kept sleeping as if he didn’t want to go
우리 집 옆에 살고 있는 사람이 계속 노래하는 것이 싫어요
= I hate that the person who lives in the house beside ours always sings
제가 학생들에게 뛰지 말라고 했지만 학생들이 계속 했어요
= I told the students to stop running, but they continued to do it
to injure, to hurt
다치다
Common Usages:
다친 데가 있나요? = Are you injured? (Is there any injured place?)
무릎을 다치다 = to injure one’s knee
Examples:
저는 저의 손목을 다쳤어요 = I hurt my wrist
병원에서 넘어져서 팔을 다친 아줌마가 약을 무료로 받았어요 = The woman who fell in the hospital and hurt her arm received free medicine
Are you injured? (Is there any injured place?)
다친 데가 있나요?
to injure one’s knee
무릎을 다치다
to answer, to respond
“다파다”
답하다
“다파다”
The noun form of this word (“답”) translates to “an answer”
Notes: When answering a letter or e-mail, the word “답장하다” is more commonly used.
Common Usages:
질문에 답하다 = to answer a question
정답 = the right/correct answer
Examples:
시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test
선생님은 학생들이 물어본 질문에 답했어요 = The teacher answered the question that the student asked
to answer a question
질문에 답하다
the right/correct answer
정답
to be incorrect
틀리다
Common Usages:
정보가 틀리다 = for information to be incorrect
계산이 틀리다 = for calculations to be incorrect
답이 틀리다 =for an answer to be incorrect
말이 틀리다 = for something that one says to be incorrect
Examples:
그 달력은 틀린 것 같아요 = It seems like this calendar is wrong
네가 지금 말하는 것이 틀려 = (the thing that) What you are saying now is incorrect
for information to be incorrect
정보가 틀리다
for calculations to be incorrect
계산이 틀리다
for an answer to be incorrect
답이 틀리다
for something that one says to be incorrect
말이 틀리다
to be clean
“깨끄타다”
깨끗하다
“깨끄타다”
The adverb form of this verb can be 깨끗하게 or 깨끗이, which both translate to “cleanly”
Common Usages:
깨끗한 물 = clean water
깨끗한 공기 = clean air
Examples:
이 집은 아주 깨끗해요 = This house is very clean
나는 엄마를 도와 정리를 했다. 거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다 = I helped mom clean-up/organize. We cleanly organized the living room, and then said ‘thank you’ to my mom from the bottom of my heart
clean water
깨끗한 물
clean air
깨끗한 공기
to be remaining, to be left over
“남따”
남다
“남따”
Notes: This word is often used in the present tense, the past tense or with ~아/어 있다 attached. Each has a very similar meaning. For example:
두 개 남아요 = Two are left
두 개 남았어요 = Two are left (or “two were left”)
두 개 남아 있어요 = Two are left
Common Usages:
5분 남아요 = There are 5 minutes left
5분 남았어요 = There are 5 minutes left
5분 남아 있어요 = There are 5 minutes left
몇 개 남아요? = How many are left?
몇 개 남았어요? = How many are left?
몇 개 남아 있어요? = How many are left?
Examples:
남은 음식을 포장하고 싶어요 = I want to pack up the food that is left over
to be clear, clean, pure
“막따”
Common Usages:
맑은 날씨 = clear weather
맑은 공기 = clear air
Idiom: 윗물이 맑아야 아랫물이 맑다 = Only if one’s master is honest, can the servants be honest
Examples:
오늘 하늘이 아주 맑아 보여요 = Today, the sky looks so clear
맑다
“막따”
Only if one’s master is honest, can the servants be honest
윗물이 맑아야 아랫물이 맑다
clear weather
맑은 날씨
clear air
맑은 공기
free
Notes: The word 공짜(로) is very similar to 무료(로). 무료 is quite easy to remember if you know the Hanja characters:
無(무): nothing, without
料(요/료): money, fee
When used as an adverb, ~로 is often attached to 무료. For example:
캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 치료를 무료로 받을 수 있어요 = Canadian people can receive treatment at hospitals free of charge
It is often placed before a noun, acting like an adjective that describes the upcoming noun. When used like this, ~로 is usually not used. For example:
캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 무료 치료를 받을 수 있어요 = Canadian people can receive free treatment at hospitals
무료
business hours
“영업 씨간”
Notes: Although “영업” is a word by itself (which is one meaning of the word “business”), for a beginner of Korean the most common place you will see this word is as “영업 시간,” which refers to the time that a business is in operation during the day. You would most likely see this written on a sign outside of a store/restaurant or any type of business to indicate their hours.
Examples:
우리 영업시간은 오전 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다 = Our business hours are from 8 am to 5 pm
영업시간이 몇 시부터 몇 시까지예요? = From when to when are you open? (What are your business hours?)
영업 시간
“영업 씨간”
