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STEM 3a - Human Anatomy > Lesson 24.4 - Hormones and Disorders > Flashcards

Lesson 24.4 - Hormones and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Hormonal impediments and abnormalities may lead to _________ and ___________ disorders which can be temporary or permanent.

A

biological, physiological

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2
Q

Disorders on the Growth Factor Regulation:

A

Hypopituitary dwarfism
Gigantism
Acromegaly

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3
Q

Disorders on the Growth Factor Regulation is caused by what hormone? Explain.

A
  • Growth hormones (GH) or the somatotropin controls normal growth.
  • Its function is to increase the growth rate of the bones.
  • It is secreted by the pituitary gland.
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4
Q

___________ was the shortest man in history with a height of _______.

A

Chandra Bahadur Dangi (1939-2015), 1.95 ft

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5
Q

_____________ was the tallest man ever with a height of _______.

A

Robert Wadlow (1918–1940), 8.11 ft

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6
Q

___________ is a condition characterized by stunted growth in children.

A

Hypopituitary dwarfism

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7
Q

Hypopituitary dwarfism is caused by

A

hyposecretion or underproduction of GH

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8
Q

_________ is the abnormal or excessive growth.

A

Gigantism

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9
Q

Gigantism is caused by

A

hypersecretion or overproduction of GH which can cause the femur to grow very long.

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10
Q

_____________ is a condition in adults where the bones of the face and the hands thicken.

A

Acromegaly

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11
Q

Acromegaly is cause by

A

hypersecretion or overproduction of GH

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12
Q

Disorders of the Thyroid Regulation is caused by what hormone? Explain.

A

Thyroid hormones determine the rate of metabolism in the body.

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13
Q

It uses _________, a component of iodized salt and seafood, in making thyroid hormones. Insufficient amount of this may result to hormonal imbalance.

A

iodide

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14
Q

Disorders of the Thyroid Regulation:

A

Hypothyroidism or goiter
Hyperthyroidism

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15
Q

________________ or goiter is condition where the enlargement of thyroid gland occurs.

A

Hypothyroidism

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism is caused by

A

over or under stimulation of the anterior pituitary

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17
Q

_____________ is a condition where a person experiences symptoms like nervousness, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and protruding eyes.

A

Hyperthyroidism

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18
Q

Hyperthyroidism is caused by

A

when the thyroid produces a lot of thyroid hormones

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19
Q

Disorders of the Adrenaline Regulation:

A

Short-term Stress
Long-term Stress
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s Syndrome

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20
Q

Disorders of the Adrenaline Regulation is caused by? Explain.

A

Adrenaline or epinephrine is produced by the adrenal glands when the body experiences stress.
Stress is any disturbance within the body, which can also be referred to as general adaptation syndrome.

21
Q

_________ is any disturbance within the body, which can also be referred to as general adaptation syndrome.

A

Stress

22
Q

What is the hormone being released? (Short-term Stress)

A

The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine due to short-term stress to increase the amount of energy available for immediate use.

23
Q

Epinephrine

A

affects heart and metabolic rates.

24
Q

Norepinephrine

A

controls blood pressure

25
Q

What is the hormone being released? (Long-term Stress)

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete corticosteroids.

26
Q

like cortisol, stimulates fuel-mobilization by promoting glucose synthesis from proteins.

A

Glucocorticoids

27
Q

maintains salt and water balance.

A

Mineralocorticoids

28
Q

______________ is a condition where there is a decreased secretion from adrenal cortex due.

A

Addison’s disease

29
Q

Addison’s disease is caused by

A

cortex degradation due to autoimmune responses, tuberculosis or invasion by cancer.

30
Q

____________ is where there is excess secretion of the adrenal cortex.

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

31
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by

A

high levels of cortisol in the blood due to an adrenal gland tumor

32
Q

Common symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome

A

buffalo hump (neck)
moon face
excessive hairiness
acne in all parts of the skin
irregular menstruation
slow healing of cuts

33
Q

Disorders of the Pancreatic Hormone Regulation:

A

Diabetes and hypoglycemia

34
Q

Disorders of the Pancreatic Hormone Regulation is caused by what hormone? Explain.

A

Insulin regulates how the body uses and stores glucose and fat. It is produced by the pancreas.

35
Q

_____________ happens when the body does not respond to insulin leading to blood glucose imbalance.

A

Insulin resistance

36
Q

Forms of diabetes:

A

Prediabetes
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes

37
Q

_____________ occurs when the pancreas makes very little or no insulin. This can be solved by taking insulin every day.

A

Type 1 diabetes

38
Q

__________ is the condition when blood glucose levels are higher than normal range but not enough to exhibit diabetes diagnosis.

A

Prediabetes

39
Q

___________ is when the body becomes resistant to the action of insulin. It is the most common form of diabetes.

A

Type 2 diabetes

40
Q

Disorders of Reproductive Hormone Regulation:

A

Ovarian insufficiency or premature menopause
Menopause
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

41
Q

___________________ happens when the ovaries fail to develop or function properly.

A

Ovarian insufficiency or premature menopause

42
Q

___________ can be associated with low estrogen and causes gradual loss of bone density (osteoporosis).

A

Menopause

43
Q

_______________ when ovaries form collections of fluid in the follicle and fail to regularly release eggs.

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

44
Q

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) symptoms and cause

A

Symptoms: irregular menstrual periods
Cause: excess androgen levels

45
Q

Disorder of the Sleep Regulation:

A

Insomnia

46
Q

Disorder of the Sleep Regulation is caused by what hormone? Explain.

A

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep–wake cycle. It is primarily released by the pineal gland.

47
Q

__________ or sleep deprivation is the trouble in sleeping.

A

Insomnia

48
Q

Effects of Insomnia

A
  • altered mental focus
  • weight gain due to decreased metabolic rate
  • increased stress levels and irritability
49
Q

Proper Care for the Endocrine System

A

Balanced Diet
○healthy amount of vitamins and minerals
○hydration

Physical and Mental Exercise
○stimulation of the production of cells and improving blood flow

STEM 3a - Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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