Lesson 2.3: Protein Production

Question 1

Organelles involved in the labor of protein production

Answer 1

-Cell membrane
- protein production
-protein localization
-cellular digestion
-Energy-related
-cytoskeleton

Question 2

___controls the protein production

Two important components in this organelles

Answer 2

Nucleus
DNA- contains the recipe for the protein

Nucleolus- synthesizes ribosomes

Question 3

Free ribosomes are found in two sites

Answer 3

endoplasmic reticulum and the edges od cytoplasm

Question 4

Difference between proteins in free ribosomes and ER

Answer 4

free ribosomes- synthesize proteins used within the cell

ER- from the carried recipe from the DNA exits thru exocytosis

Question 5

______ is synthesized in the nucleus

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

Explain production of protein

Answer 6

Replication occurs in nucleus and be transcribed.
They will exit in the nuclear pores —>
rough ER synthesize ribosomes and attachment of RNA—->
folded and modified in 3D shape—–>
transport vesicles—–>
golgi apparatus—->
fuse vesicles cell membrane

Question 7

Endomembrane system are composed of 6 structures

Answer 7

nuclear envelope,
ER
Golgi apparatus, lysosomes
vacuoles,
cell membrane

Question 8

Explain how the endomembrane system secrete proteins

Answer 8

Ex. mammary gland, after the translation of protein,

Protein movement
1. ribosomes to rER (folded in 3D shape) 2. exported transport vesicles to golgi apparatus
3. vesicles will fuse in cell membrane
4. exocytosis occurs, expell proteins outside the cell

Question 9

Explain the function of lysosomes and provide example

Answer 9

It can engulf and release hydrolytic or digestive enzymes to breakdown damaged organelles and its debris. it will fuse to the cell membrane to form vesicles and release the debris through exocytosis.

Question 10

A plant counterpart of lysosome. what is its function

Answer 10

central vacoule

-has enzymes and regulates size and water content of the cell

Question 11

_____ is not a part of the endomembrane system but it ____

Answer 11

Peroxisome breaks down toxic substance in the cell

Question 12

Compare lysosome and perixosome.

Answer 12

Lysosome: lysozyme, can also trigger apoptosis or autolysis
Perixosome: catalase, and oxidize debris to reduce toxicity

Question 13

Energy-related organelles

Answer 13

cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 14

What processes occur in mitochondria

Answer 14

-cellular respiration and electron transport chain

Question 15

The space between the mitochondria is called ____ and is the site of ______

Answer 15

matrix, kreb cycle

Question 16

The folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane is ______ and it’s the site of _______

Answer 16

cristae, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

Flattened sacs are _______ once they are stacked they form ____

spaces in the chloroplast ______

Answer 17

thylakoids, granum
stroma

Question 18

_____ has networks of tubules and proteins

has 4 functions which are

Answer 18

cytoskeleton
structural support
aids in cell division
organelle transport
cell movement

Question 19

3 components of cytoplasm and their function

Answer 19

1) microfilament- has actin, 7nm, for cell contraction

2) intermediate filaments: has protein subunits 10nm forms scaffold for mechanical strength

3) Microtubules: has tubulin subunits, 23nm, acts as trackways for moving organelles

Question 20

______ and ___are made up of microtubules

Answer 20

cilia and flagella

Question 21

____ pushes particles like dust out of the respiratory tract

Answer 21

cilia

Question 22

_____ used by the sperm to swim

Answer 22

flagella

Question 23

What helps cilia and flagella to move

Answer 23

motor protein- dyein

Question 24

_______ /_____ enerate sliding force between outer microtubules and central microtubules.

Answer 24

Axonemal dyneins/ Flagellar dynein

Question 25

______ functions for the support and protection of plant cells.

2 components

Answer 25

cell wall
cellulose, lignin

Question 26

functions of cell wall

Answer 26

Provide mechanical strength
Regulate volume
Prevent cells from bursting
Role in cell specialization.

Question 27

What structure of plant cell helps it communicate? Give its function

Answer 27

plasmodesmata
channels in which nutrients travel through to adjacent cells

Question 28

How do cells communicate

Answer 28

cell need to stick together to communicate through junction

Question 29

_______ looks like a transmembrane protein (ion-gated channel).

explain the mechanism and where is it found

Answer 29

Gap junction

proteins form a “tunnel” through the membranes of two neighboring cells,

communicate very rapidly.

ound in small intestines.

Question 30

____ are like wing machine stitches.

mechanism

Answer 30

tight junctions

proteins fuse the membranes of two animal cells and allows to form eak-proof barrier

Question 31

_____ are like rivets/screws/nails.
mechanism

Answer 31

proteins connect cells to other cells and to the extracellular matrix.

bind to the cytoskeleton for added mechanical strength

Question 32

true or false

All cells are equal

Eukaryotic cells are specialized

Answer 32

false
true