Lesson 1.3: Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 1

A. cell size

Answer 1

Prokaryotes: 1.5 um
Eukaryotes: 10-100 um diameter

Question 2

B. nucleus

Answer 2

Prokaryotes: None
Eukaryotes: Present

Question 3

C. organelles

Answer 3

Prokaryotes: No membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes: has membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

D. Cell wall

Answer 4

Prokaryotes: has peptidoglycan
Eukaryotes: present in plant cell

Question 5

Size of ribosomes

Answer 5

Prokaryotes: 70s, 30s, 50s subunits
Eukaryotes: 80s, 40s, 60s subunits

Question 6

Fluid mosaic structure

Answer 6

Prokaryotes: absent
Eukaryotes: present

Question 7

DNA structure

Answer 7

Prokaryotes: circular
Eukaryotes: helical

Question 8

presence of sterols in the membrane

Answer 8

Prokaryotes: absent but some have hopanoids
Eukaryotes: present

Question 9

Chromosomes strand

Answer 9

Prokaryotes: One but double stranded
Eukaryotes: One or more

Question 10

DNA Geometry

Answer 10

Prokaryotes: Covalently closed circular with phosphoester bonds
Eukaryotes: Linear in nucleus. Covalently closed circular in mitochondria, chloroplast.

Question 11

Histones

Answer 11

Prokaryotes: Absent but some have histone-like proteins
Eukaryotes: present in nucleus

Question 12

Mode of reproduction

Answer 12

Prokaryotes: binary fission (asexual), conjugation (sexual)
Eukaryotes: Mitosis (body cells), meiosis (sex cells)

Question 13

The smaller the cell the ______

Answer 13

the bigger the surface area

Question 14

Why are cells small?

Answer 14

• cell’s small size is associated with their functions
• the smaller the cell, the higher the surface area, the faster the exchange of materials with its surroundings
  -it is much more efficient when physiological processes in our body need to take place.