Lesson 2.2: Cell membrane Flashcards
The cell membrane is composed of ________ containing ______ and ______
- phospholipid bilayer
-hydrophilic head
-hydrophobic tail
Amphipathic means
- has polar and non polar part
What types of molecules cannot and can pass through the cell?
Large molecules: ions and macromolecules need to pass through gated channels
Non polar molecules and lipids can pass through
Three functions od the membrane that surrounds the cell
1) Forms a barrier between the cell and outside world
2) Regulates passages of substances in and out of the cell
3) Help maintain homeostasis
Components of the hydrophilic head
glycerol and phosphate group
Glycerol: nitrogen binded to 4 Carbons
Phosphate group: double bond with oxygen
Component in Macromolecules
Carbo - CHO
Lipids - CHO
Phospholipids = CHOP
Protein = CHON
Nucleic Acid = CHONP
Where are the hydrophobic tails attached?
Carbon chain
The hydrophobic tails are composed of ________ Carbon
18
What is the difference between two hydrophobic tail?
First is linear, consisting of only single bonds, while the second has “kink” because of a double bond bet. C15 and C16.
Explain what structure caused the fluidity of cell membrane
-the kink or the double bond makes it semi-aqueous or fluid.
Explain the orientation and the interaction of phospholipid bilayer.
mirrored
hydrophilic head intearcts outside with polar substance
hydrophobic tail interacts with nonpolar substances inside
_______ proteins are embedded throughout the bilayer. They carry out
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Transmembrane
1) Transport proteins
2) Enzymes
3) Recognition proteins aid in cell-to-cell communication
4) Adhesion proteins
5) Receptor proteins
________ proteins are attached from the upper surface of the cell membrane.
They are easy to wash out because __________
Peripheral proteins
their attachment to the cell membrane is not that strong
Appendages are sometimes ______ and ______ and used for ___________
carbohydrates and sugar
cell-to-cell communication
_______ are located near the tail where proteins for ____ are also attached.
Cholesterol
signaling
Phospholipid bilayer are made up of
______ and _____ along with _____ and ______
cholesterol, proteins, with sugar molecules and microfilament of the cytoskeleton
____ are used for bodybuilding called ______
But in cell membranes they are called ________ and an example is _______
Steroid, anabolic steriods
membrane steroid, cholesterol
What is the primary role of cholesterol in the membrane?
keep the membrane at the right level of fluidity
In membrane the phospholipids are. (movement) ____________________
The combination of ______ and ______ forms a fluid mosaic
constantly moving and switching places or materials
phospholipids and proteins
Three factors that influences the fluidity of the membrane
- Temperature
- Cholesterol
- Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Temperature
If it is cold the phospholipid are ________________ forming a _______
If it is too hot they ______ and they ______
bound together forming a rigid and not flexible membrane and may break
move apart from each other and they won’t hold a shape.
Cholesterol
they are randomly distributed in the ______ part
They help the bilayer to stay fuild in _________ as they ________ together
hydrophobic part
different environmental conditions
hold phospholipid
Explain what will happen to phospholipid without cholesterol in cold conditions
-they will clump together making it difficult for the smaller molecules to enter the cell even gases
which is a good and bad fatyy acids explain
Good- unsaturated, liquid at room temp
Bad -saturated solid at room temp
