Lesson 2.1B: Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
is a standardized system of words and phrases used to describe the locations, positions, movements, and structures of the human body accurately.
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
these are imaginary planes that intersect the body, creating various cuts or slices of various organs and structures.
Anatomical Position
arbitrary vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the midline, slicing it longitudinally into right and left parts.
Sagittal
vertical plane at right angle to the sagittal plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
Frontal (coronal)
horizontal plane at right angles to the sagittal and frontal planes, slicing the body into a superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
Transverse (axial)
are words used to describe the location of one body part in relation to another.
directional terms
the 15 directional terms
- anterior
- posterior
- dorsal
- distal
- proximal
- median
- medial
- lateral
- superior
- inferior
- cranial
- external
- internal
- palmar
- plantar
In front of or front
Anterior
In behind of or behind
Posterior
Towards the back of the body
Dorsal
Away or farthest away from the trunk or the point of origin of the body part
Distal
Closer or towards the trunk or the point of origin of the body part
proximal
midline of the body
median
towards the median
medial
away from median
lateral
towards the top of the head
superior
towards the feet
inferior
towards the head
cranial
towards the surface, superficial
external
away from the surface, deep
internal
anterior hand or palm of hand
palmar
inferior surface of foot (sole)
plantar
the anatomy terms that describe movements.
Types of Movements
20 terms of movement
- flexion
- extension
- plantarflexion
- dorsiflexion
- abduction
- adduction
- protraction
- retraction
- depression
- elevation
- medial (internal) rotation
- lateral (external)
- rotation
- pronation
- supination
- circumduction
- deviation
- opposition
- reposition
- inversion
- eversion
Decreasing the angle between two structures
Flexion
Increasing the angle between two structures
Extension
Flexion of the plantar
(underside) part of the foot
Plantarflexion
Flexion of the dorsum (top) part of the foot
Dorsiflexion
Moving away from the midline
Abduction
Moving towards the midline
Adduction
Moving forwards and laterally simultaneously
Protraction
Moving backwards and medially simultaneously
Retraction
Moving downwards
Depression
Moving upwards
Elevation
Spiral movement towards the midline
Medial (internal) rotation
Spiral movement away from the midline
lateral (external) rotation
Medial rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing posteriorly (if in anatomical position) or inferiorly (if elbow is flexed)
Pronation
Lateral rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing anteriorly (if in anatomical position) or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
Supination
Combined movement starting with flexion, then abduction, extension, and ending with adduction
Circumduction
Movement of the wrist joint towards the radial or ulnar sides (radial deviation, ulnar
deviation)
Deviation
Touching the pad of any one of your fingers with the thumb of the same hand
Opposition
Separating the pad of any of your fingers from the thumb of the same hand
Reposition
Plantar side of the foot is rotated towards the median plane
Inversion
Plantar side of the foot is rotated away from the median plane
Eversion
