Lesson 2.1 Healing Flashcards
Layers of defense
1st
- natural or innate barriers
2nd
Inflammatory process
3rd
Adaptive immunity
Inflammatory response
Second line of defense
Response to almost every type of injury
Non specific
Inflammation
Occurs in vascularized tissue
Initiated quickly
Cellular and chemical components
Nonspecific
Same steps occurregardless of cause or previous exposure
Inflammation manjfestations
Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
Loss of function
Inflammatory process
Vaporization
Increased vascular permeability
WBCs stick to walls of capillaries then into damaged tissue
Excessive fluid absorbed by lymphatic system
Lymph is cleaned in lymph nodes
Vaporization w inflammatiom
Slows blood flow and increases blood flow to damaged tissue
Increased vascular permeability
Allows fluid to move out of capillaries (swelling)
Blood becomes more viscous in area(redness)
RBCs more concentrated (redness and warmth)
WBCs effect
Deliver WBCs to area
Deliver plasmaprotiens and other chemicals to the area
Benefits of inflammation
Help prevent infection
Exudate dilutes toxins
Destroy bacteria
Clean up cellular debris and microorganisms
Plasma protein systems
Complement
Clotting
Kinin
Cytokins
Regulate innate and adaptive immunity
Cellular products
Cytokins
Interleukins
Interferons
Chemokines
Cytokine storm
Self amplifying activation cascade of cytokines
Mast cells
Filled with granules and are located closeto blood vessels
Basophils
Located in blood
Probably work like mast cells
Acute inflammation
8-10 days from onset to healing
Occurs until immediate threat is eliminated
Vascular response
Activation of plasma protein systems
Cell activation
Exudate
Caused by increased vascular permeability
Will vary with stage and cause of inflammation
Early or mild exudate
Usually serous/watery
Few plasma protiens or WBCs
Severe advanced inflammation
Exudate may be thick with dots
Large numbers of WBCs
Prudent exudate (cysts por abcesses)
Systemic signs
Fever
Lekocytosis
Plasma protein synthesis
Pro inflammatory or anti inflammatory
ESR andC reactive protien
Fever
Caused by cytokines that are endogenpus pyrogens
Leukocytosis
An increase in circulating WBCs
Chronic inflammation
Lasts 2 weeks or longer
May be related to ineffective acute inflammation
May be a separate distinct process
Denseinfiltrationof lymphocytes and macrophages
