Lesson 2.1 : Carbohydrates Flashcards
Two monosaccharides differ from each other in their configuration around a specific carbon
Epimerism
Isomers obtained from the change of position of hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon.
Anomerism
the change in the specific optical rotation by the interconversion of a&b forms of D-glucose to an equilibrium mixture.
MUTAROTATION
it is the simplest carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
How many carbon atoms does Monosaccharide consist
3-6 carbon atoms
how many monosaccharides does the following consist:
Disaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide
di : two monosaccharide
oligo : two to ten
poly : ten and above
Can only manifest that it is amonosaccharide
EPIMERISM
If two monosaccharides differ from each other in their configuration around a single specific carbon atom(other than anomeric).
EPIMERISM
the change in the specific optical rotation by the interconversion of a & b forms of D-glucose to an equilibrium mixture.
MUTAROTATION
an aldotetrose with many hydroxyl (-OH) group
Erythrose
has many hydroxyl (-OH) groups
Ketose
the chemical formula of aldohexose
C6H12O6
glucose has a normal blood level of
70-90 mg/dL
measures blood glucose for several hours after ingesting glucose
glucose tolerance test
done for blood gas monitoring and random blood glucose
capillary blood glucose
what does the term “hypoglycemia” mean
low glucose level
high glucose level
hyperglycemia
found in fruits, corn syrup, and honey
D-Glucose
is the sweetest carbohydrate
D-Fructose
converts to glucose in the body
D-Fructose
is not found in nature
D-Galactose
obtained from lactose
D-Galactose
Used in metabolism and information of carbohydrates
D-Galactose
Characteristics of D-Galactose
○ obtained from lactose
○ a similar structure to glucose except for the (-OH) on C4
○ Used in metabolism and information of carbohydrates
Characteristics of D-Fructose
■ found in fruit juice sand honey
■ converts to glucose in the body
Who developed the FISCHER PROJECTION
Hermann Emil Fischer (German)
Characteristics of Fisher Projection
● places the most oxidized group at the top
● shows chiral carbons as the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines
● the straight-chain structural formula
Who developed the HAWORTH PROJECTION
Walter Norman Haworth
HAWORTH PROJECTION
● 2 - dimensional structural annotation that specifies the
3-dimensional structure of a cyclic form of monosaccharide
● prevalent form of monosaccharide
● with 5 or 6 carbon atoms
● pyranoses - 5 carbons
● furanoses - 4 carbons
