Lesson 1 : Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards
What is Sir Hans Adolf Krebs known for?
Citric acid cycle / Krebs cycle.
What are the functions of the plasma membrane?
Cell’s defining boundary, selective permeability, lipid bilayer.
What were some of Carl Neuberg’s key discoveries?
Discovery of enzymes as catalysts and nucleic acids as information molecules.
What was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick?
Double helix DNA.
What are the main parts of a eukaryotic cell?
Cell membrane, nucleus, contains ribosomes, cytoplasm with organelles.
What are organic compounds composed of?
Carbon skeleton.
What is the chemical composition of a regular man? Water, Protein, Lipid, Carbohydrate, Minerals
Water 61.6%, Protein 17.0%, Lipid 13.8%, Carbohydrate 1.5%, Minerals 6.1%.
What role does DNA play in all cells?
DNA stores genetic information.
What did Frederick Sanger contribute to biochemistry?
Insulin sequence and protein structure.
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
Cell’s information center, site for DNA replication and RNA synthesis.
Briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum and its two types.
Transport network for molecules, Rough ER is covered with ribosomes for protein synthesis, Smooth ER is the site for lipid synthesis and metabolism.
What are polymers and monomers in the context of biomolecules?
Biomolecules are polymers assembled from monomers.
What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?
Processes and packages macromolecules.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Contains digestive enzyme, degrades proteins and membranes.
What are the two categories of biomolecules based on size?
Small molecules and polymers.
What are the types of monomers for different macromolecules?
Carbohydrates - Monosaccharide, Lipids - Hydrocarbon chains, Proteins - Amino Acids, Nucleic Acids - Nucleotides.
What are the main parts of a prokaryotic cell?
Cell membrane and wall, nucleoid region contains DNA, contains ribosomes.
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Power generator, produces energy (ATP), plays a role in early cell death.
What are the types of monomers found in biomolecules?
Amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides.
Who is known as the Father of Biochemistry?
Carl Neuberg.
Why are ions important in cells?
Why are ions important in cells?
CARL NEUBERG
1903
SIR HANS ADOLF KREBS
1937
JAMES WATSONS AND FRANCIS CRICK
1953
FREDERIC SANGER
1955
KARY MULLIS
1993
