Lesson 1 : Introduction to Biochemistry

Question 1

What is Sir Hans Adolf Krebs known for?

Answer 1

Citric acid cycle / Krebs cycle.

Question 2

What are the functions of the plasma membrane?

Answer 2

Cell’s defining boundary, selective permeability, lipid bilayer.

Question 3

What were some of Carl Neuberg’s key discoveries?

Answer 3

Discovery of enzymes as catalysts and nucleic acids as information molecules.

Question 4

What was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick?

Answer 4

Double helix DNA.

Question 5

What are the main parts of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 5

Cell membrane, nucleus, contains ribosomes, cytoplasm with organelles.

Question 6

What are organic compounds composed of?

Answer 6

Carbon skeleton.

Question 7

What is the chemical composition of a regular man? Water, Protein, Lipid, Carbohydrate, Minerals

Answer 7

Water 61.6%, Protein 17.0%, Lipid 13.8%, Carbohydrate 1.5%, Minerals 6.1%.

Question 8

What role does DNA play in all cells?

Answer 8

DNA stores genetic information.

Question 9

What did Frederick Sanger contribute to biochemistry?

Answer 9

Insulin sequence and protein structure.

Question 10

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 10

Cell’s information center, site for DNA replication and RNA synthesis.

Question 11

Briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum and its two types.

Answer 11

Transport network for molecules, Rough ER is covered with ribosomes for protein synthesis, Smooth ER is the site for lipid synthesis and metabolism.

Question 12

What are polymers and monomers in the context of biomolecules?

Answer 12

Biomolecules are polymers assembled from monomers.

Question 13

What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?

Answer 13

Processes and packages macromolecules.

Question 14

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 14

Contains digestive enzyme, degrades proteins and membranes.

Question 15

What are the two categories of biomolecules based on size?

Answer 15

Small molecules and polymers.

Question 16

What are the types of monomers for different macromolecules?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates - Monosaccharide, Lipids - Hydrocarbon chains, Proteins - Amino Acids, Nucleic Acids - Nucleotides.

Question 17

What are the main parts of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 17

Cell membrane and wall, nucleoid region contains DNA, contains ribosomes.

Question 18

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 18

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 19

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 19

Power generator, produces energy (ATP), plays a role in early cell death.

Question 20

What are the types of monomers found in biomolecules?

Answer 20

Amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides.

Question 21

Who is known as the Father of Biochemistry?

Answer 21

Carl Neuberg.

Question 22

Why are ions important in cells?

Answer 22

Why are ions important in cells?

Question 23

CARL NEUBERG

Answer 23

1903

Question 24

SIR HANS ADOLF KREBS

Answer 24

1937

Question 25

JAMES WATSONS AND FRANCIS CRICK

Answer 25

1953

Question 26

FREDERIC SANGER

Answer 26

1955

Question 27

KARY MULLIS

Answer 27

1993