Lesson 2 (Social Relationships among Adolescents ) Flashcards
states that certain predisposed traits that increased the odds of survival
and reproduction are passed onto future generations.
Natural selection
is the enduring behavior,
ideas, and traditions shared by a large group of people that is passed from one generation
to the next.
Culture
is a biological or socially influenced characteristics by which people define male
and female. In many ways, males and females are alike, but their differences attract more
attention than their similarities.
Gender
Women were found to give more priority to
close, intimate relationship than men. This explains why both men and women
report that friendship with women is more intimate, understanding, and nurturing
Independence vs. connectedness
men are found to be more dominant,
driven, and aggressive. In terms of leadership, men more often prioritize winning,
getting ahead, and dominating others, whereas women excel in “transformational”
leadership that build team spirit.
Social dominance
men admit to more physical aggression than
women, but the gender difference varies depending on the context. Women were
shown to be more aggressive when it came to less assaultive forms of aggression,
such as verbal attacks or spreading malicious gossip.
Aggression
Men, whether gay or straight, are more likely to initiate sexual activity
compared to women. They are also more quickly aroused, desire sex more, use
more pornography, and prefer more sexual variety. It is important to note, however,
that individual differences far exceed gender differences.
sexuality
are a set of behavior expectations for males and
females, and these are shaped by culture.
gender roles
transmitted through parental nurture and largely, peer influence (children care
more about their friends think).
culture
2 or more people who interact with one another and refer to themselves
as a social unit.
social groups
This group is a personal or intimate in nature, the interaction in a ______ is regular,
and the bound usually lasts for a long time. It is not so much concerned with tasks; rather
it looks after deep emotional connection and sense of security of its members. You
connect your identity with this kind of group.
Example: Family, peers or barkada
primary group
This group is task-oriented and dynamics is less personal. The members stay together
for a limited or determined time until the tasks are accomplished. Your identity with this
group is relative and short-lived, depending on the tasks you are working on. Meeting is
not necessarily regular or frequent. The relationship depends only on the need related to
the tasks on hand.
Example: work group in class, sports team
secondary group
one of the most
important and meaningful interpersonal connections you have.
friendship
the change in behavior that one person causes in another,
intentionally or unintentionally, as a result of the way the changed person perceives
themselves in relationship to the influencer, other people and society in general.
social influence
changing how you behave to be more like others. This plays
to belonging and esteem needs as we seek the approval and friendship of others.
______ can run very deep, as we will even change our beliefs and values to
be like those of our peers and admired superiors.
conformity
where a person does something that they are asked to do by
another. They may choose to comply or not to comply, although the thoughts of
social reward and punishment may lead them to compliance when they really do
not want to comply
compliance
obeying an order from someone
that you accept as an authority figure. In compliance, you have some choice. In
________, you believe that you do not have a choice.
obedience
showed how a person could be influenced by others in a group to claim
that a clearly shorter line in a group of lines was, in fact, the longest.
Solomon Asch
did classic experiments in obedience, where people off the street
obeyed orders to give (what they thought were) life-threatening electric shocks to other
people.
Stanley Milgram
act of leading a group of people or organization to a certain
direction.
leadership
This leader is particular with following procedure. Accuracy,
attention to details, facts, and order within the group are held most important.
conservative
This kind of leader focuses on the goals of the group and attaining
warm fellowships among members of the group. Members are encouraged to
participate and undertake responsibilities to accomplish the tasks.
democratic
This leader takes group tasks with utmost priority. Getting the job
done is what is important. Confident, independent, and a go-getter are common
characteristics exemplified by this kind of leadership. The leader will not be
hesitant to direct and control the behaviors of the members, if needed, to ensure
that tasks will be accomplished.
task-oriented
This leader is a nurturer. Relationships are held most important.
People, rather than tasks, are given utmost focus and concern. In addition,
personal welfare and growth of the members are priorities. Warm, friendly,
approachable, and considerate are typical qualities of this kind of leader.
people oriented
