LESSON 2: NEMATODES Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE:
Are Nematodes roundworms?
TRUE
What is the general morphology of Phylum Nematoda?
Unsegmented, elongated and cylindrical in shape
Phylum Nematoda:
The body is covered by a _________ which may be ____________, __________ or __________
non-nucleated
cuticle
smooth striated, bossed or ornamented
with spines
TRUE OR FALSE:
Phylum Nematoda are long, cylindrical and unsegmented
TRUE
Phylum Nematoda:
Body Cavity is called _______
Pseudocoele
This contains the viscera (digestive, reproductive and parts of the nervous and excretory systems)
Pseudocoele
Phylum Nematoda:
mouth/buccal cavity which may be provided
with spines, hooks, cutting plates, stylets, or other structures
for attachment or penetration
Anterior end
What is the length of Phylum Nematoda?
mm to a meter in length
What is the movement of Phylum Nematoda?
sinuous changes of their bodies
TRUE OR FALSE:
The sexes are ______, and the females are ______ than the males.
Male posterior end is usually _______
Separate
Larger
Curved
Enumerate the reproductive system of the male in Phylum Nematoda
Male: testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct,
cloaca
Enumerate the accessory copulatory apparatus for Male Reproductive System:
a. gubernaculum (wing- like appendage)
b. telamon
c. copulatory spicule
d. copulatory bursa (umbrella like ex:
Hookworms)
It has a wing like appendage
Gubernaculum
It is an umbrella shape such as Hookworms
Copulatory bursa
TRUE OR FALSE:
Female reproductive system of the Phylum Nematoda may be single or bifurcated?
True
TRUE OR FALSE:
Female reproductive system of the Phylum Nematoda may be single or bifurcated?
True
Enumerate the Female Reproductive System
Ovary, oviduct, seminal receptacle, uterus,
ovijector, and vagina
For Female Adults:
a. lay an ova
b. larvae
c. _______
a. Oviparous
b. viviparous / larviparous
c. parthogenetic
What system has a complete alimentary tract?
Digestive System
The buccal cavity in the digestive system comprises of?
Spines, hooks, cutting plates and teeth
Digestive System: ESOPHAGUS
__________ , __________ , __________ , __________ , or
__________ ,
filariform, rhabditiform, spiruroid, strongyliform or stichosoma
What system has chemoreceptors?
Nervous system
excitatory neurotransmitter
Acetyl choline
inhibitory
neurotransmitter
Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
NERVOUS SYSTEM:
Most nematocidal drugs interfere with _______________
neurotransmission
What are the 2 classifications of the Nervous System?
Amphids
Phasmids
A pair of laterally placed minute receptor organs in the cephalic or cervical region of all nematodes
AMPHIDS
A pair of minute lateral post-anal organs in species w/o caudal glands
PHASMIDS
EXCRETORY SYSTEM:
with ___________ or __________ & an _____________
Collecting tubules
Collecting canal
Excretory pores
TRUE OR FALSE:
Phylum Nematoda has no circulatory system?
True
NO CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
a. fluid of the body cavity contains ________, _______, ______, _______ and ______
b. fulfills the functions of the _______
a. hemoglobin, glucose,
proteins, salts and vitamins
b. blood
TRUE OR FALSE:
Phylum Nematoda has no respiratory system?
True
Enumerate the developmental stages for Phylum Nematoda
1) egg stage
2) four larval stages
3) adult stage
MODES OF ATTACHMENT:
Example of Anchorage with attenuated ends
T. trichiura
MODES OF ATTACHMENT:
Example of Oral attachment to the mucosa
Ancylostoma
MODES OF ATTACHMENT:
Example of Oral attachment to the mucosa
Ancylostoma
MODES OF ATTACHMENT:
Example of Penetration of the tissues
Strongyloides
MODES OF ATTACHMENT:
Example of Retention in the folds of the mucosa
Lumcricoides
MODES OF NOURISHMENT:
By sucking with ___________ of _______
ingestion of blood
MODES OF NOURISHMENT:
By ingestion of ________ and blood by embedded worms. An example of ____________
lyzed tissues
L. trichuris
MODES OF NOURISHMENT:
By feeding with intestinal contents. An example of ___________
A. lumbricoides
MODES OF NOURISHMENT:
By deriving from ________. An example of _________
Body fluids
Filarial worms
What is the lifespan of:
1) Trichinella spiralis
2) Enterobius vermicularis
3) lumbricoides
4) Hookworms
5) Filarial worms
6) T. trichiura
7) S. stercoralis
1)Trichinella spiralis: 4 – 16 weeks
2) Enterobius vermicularis: 1 – 2 months
3) lumbricoides: 12 – 17 months
4) Hookworms: at least 14 years
5) Filarial worms: up to 25 years
6) T. trichiura: 5 – 10 years
7) S. stercoralis: 20 – 30 years
What are the 3 layers of Nematodes Egg?
o Vitelline membrane
o Chorionic or true shell
o Albuminous covering
These parasites that has a complete layers are the
________ and ______
Ascaris and Trichuris
What are the four larval stages?
L1, L2, L3, L4
What class of nematodes lack “Phasmids” or without caudal chemoreceptors
Aphasmidia
Class: Aphasmidia
What are the 2 species which parasitize the small intestine?
a. Trichinella spiralis
b. Capillaria philippinensis
Class: Aphasmidia
What species which parasitize the large intestine?
Trichuris trichiura
What class of nematodes is with Phasmids?
Phasmidia
Class: Phasmidia
What species which parasitize the small intestine?
a. Ascaris lumbricoides
b. Necator americanus
c. Ancylostoma duodenale
d. Ancylostoma ceylanicum
e. Strongyloides stercoralis
Class: Phasmidia
What species which parasitize the large intestine?
Enterobius vermicularis
Class: Phasmidia
What species which parasitize the tissues?
a. Wuchereria bancrofti
b. Brugia malayi
c. Loa loa
d. Dracunculus medinensis
Class: Phasmidia
What species causes larva migrans in man?
a. Ancylostima braziliense
b. Ancylostoma caninum
c. Toxocara spp
