Lesson 2 - Integrative Approach

Question 1

Includes causal factors from the field of genetics and neuroscience

Answer 1

Biological Dimensions

Question 2

Includes causal factors from behavioral and cognitive processes including learned helplessness, social learning, prepared learning, and even unconscious processes,

Answer 2

Psychological Dimension

Question 3

Attempts to trace the origins of behavior to a single cause

Answer 3

One-dimensional model

Question 4

Systematic and often interdisciplinary, and hold that a system of different reciprocal influences interact in complex ways to yield the major etiological and maintaining processes responsible for abnormal behavior

Answer 4

Multi-dimensional models

Question 5

Demonstrated that our physical characteristics are largely determined by genetic endowment

Answer 5

Gregor Mendel

Question 6

Long molecules of DNA at various locations on chromosomes, within the cell nucleus

Answer 6

Genes

Question 7

Each normal human cells has __ chromosomes arranged in __ pairs

Answer 7

46 ; 23

Question 8

The first __ pairs of chromosomes provide program or directions for the development of the body and brain

Answer 8

22

Question 9

The last pair of chromosomes are called the ________

Answer 9

Sex chromosomes

Question 10

One pair of gene that strongly influences a particular trait, and we only need one of them to determine a trait

Answer 10

Dominant Gene

Question 11

A pair of gene that must be paired with another recessive gene to determine a trait

Answer 11

Recessive Gene

Question 12

An individual’s complete set of genes

Answer 12

Genome

Question 13

Trisomy 21, where a person inherits an extra chromosome on the 21st pair

Answer 13

Down Syndrome

Question 14

Individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress

Answer 14

Diathesis-stress model

Question 15

Literally means a condition that makes someone susceptible to developing a disorder

Answer 15

Diathesis

Question 16

Genetic endowment may increase the probability to create the very environment risk factors that trigger genetic vulnerabilities

Answer 16

Reciprocal gene-environment model

Question 17

Applies to the development of depression, because some people may tend to seek out difficult relationships or other circumstances that lead to depression

Answer 17

Reciprocal gene-environment model

Question 18

Explaining the development of psychological disorder involves noting the complex interplay of genetic endowment and environmental events.

Answer 18

Non-genomic “inheritance” of behavior

Question 19

This filed focuses on understanding the role of the nervous system in disease and behavior.

Answer 19

Neuroscience

Question 20

Consists of the brain and spinal cord and processes all information received from our sense organs and reacts as necessary

Answer 20

Central Nervous System

Question 21

A small space that exist between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another

Answer 21

Synaptic Cleft

Question 22

Chemicals released from a nerve cell to another across the synaptic cleft

Answer 22

Neurotransmitters

Question 23

The most primitive part and is responsible for most of the automatic functions necessary for survival

Answer 23

Brain stem

Question 24

The lowest part of the brainstem, and contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. Controls activities like breathing, heartbeat, and digestion

Answer 24

Hindbrain

Question 25

Contains parts of the Reticular activating system, contributes to arousal, tension, and walking and sleeping

Answer 25

Midbrain

Question 26

Includes the following structure: Hippocampus, Cingulate gyrus, septum, and amygdala

Answer 26

Limbic System

Question 27

Largest part of the forebrain

Answer 27

Cerebral Cortex

Question 28

Associated with recognition of sights and sounds and long term memory storage

Answer 28

Temporal Lobe

Question 29

Associated with touch recognition

Answer 29

Parietal Lobe

Question 30

Integrates visual input

Answer 30

Occipital lobe

Question 31

Largely responsible for thinking and reasoning abilities and memory

Answer 31

Frontal Lobe

Question 32

Works in coordination with the brain stem to ensure proper bodily functioning

Answer 32

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 33

The Peripheral Nervous System consists of the:

Answer 33

Somatic Nervous System & Automatic Nervous System

Question 34

An excitatory neurotransmitter that turns on neurons, leading to action

Answer 34

Glutamate

Question 35

Reduces postsynaptic activity which in turn, inhibits several behaviors and emotions, particularly anxiety

Answer 35

GABA

Question 36

Makes it easier for GABA to attach to specialized receptors

Answer 36

Benzodiazepines

Question 37

Concentrated in the midbrain and connected to the cortex, thus producing widespread effects on behavior, mood, and thought process

Answer 37

Serotonin

Question 38

Stimulates at least alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer 38

Norepinephrine

Question 39

Has been implicates in schizophrenia and may act by switching on various brain circuits that inhibit or facilitate emotions or behavior

Answer 39

Dopamine

Question 40

The lack of behavior shown by an organism when it encounters conditions over which no control is possible

Answer 40

Learned Helplessness

Question 41

Albert Bandura observed that organisms can learn simply by watching others in their environment

Answer 41

Modeling

Question 42

Reflects the recognition that biology and genetics influence what we learn and how readily we do so

Answer 42

Prepared Learning

Question 43

The alarm reaction that activates during potentially life-threatening emergencies

Answer 43

Flight or Fight Response

Question 44

Speculated that fear activates the cardiovascular system

Answer 44

Walter Cannon

Question 45

An Action tendency to behave in a certain way that is elicited

Answer 45

Emotion

Question 46

A more persistent period of affect or emotionality

Answer 46

Mood

Question 47

refers to the momentary emotional tone that accompanies what we say or do

Answer 47

Affect