Lesson 2 - Integrative Approach Flashcards

1
Q

Includes causal factors from the field of genetics and neuroscience

A

Biological Dimensions

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2
Q

Includes causal factors from behavioral and cognitive processes including learned helplessness, social learning, prepared learning, and even unconscious processes,

A

Psychological Dimension

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3
Q

Attempts to trace the origins of behavior to a single cause

A

One-dimensional model

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4
Q

Systematic and often interdisciplinary, and hold that a system of different reciprocal influences interact in complex ways to yield the major etiological and maintaining processes responsible for abnormal behavior

A

Multi-dimensional models

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5
Q

Demonstrated that our physical characteristics are largely determined by genetic endowment

A

Gregor Mendel

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6
Q

Long molecules of DNA at various locations on chromosomes, within the cell nucleus

A

Genes

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7
Q

Each normal human cells has __ chromosomes arranged in __ pairs

A

46 ; 23

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8
Q

The first __ pairs of chromosomes provide program or directions for the development of the body and brain

A

22

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9
Q

The last pair of chromosomes are called the ________

A

Sex chromosomes

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10
Q

One pair of gene that strongly influences a particular trait, and we only need one of them to determine a trait

A

Dominant Gene

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11
Q

A pair of gene that must be paired with another recessive gene to determine a trait

A

Recessive Gene

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12
Q

An individual’s complete set of genes

A

Genome

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13
Q

Trisomy 21, where a person inherits an extra chromosome on the 21st pair

A

Down Syndrome

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14
Q

Individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress

A

Diathesis-stress model

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15
Q

Literally means a condition that makes someone susceptible to developing a disorder

A

Diathesis

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16
Q

Genetic endowment may increase the probability to create the very environment risk factors that trigger genetic vulnerabilities

A

Reciprocal gene-environment model

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17
Q

Applies to the development of depression, because some people may tend to seek out difficult relationships or other circumstances that lead to depression

A

Reciprocal gene-environment model

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18
Q

Explaining the development of psychological disorder involves noting the complex interplay of genetic endowment and environmental events.

A

Non-genomic “inheritance” of behavior

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19
Q

This filed focuses on understanding the role of the nervous system in disease and behavior.

A

Neuroscience

20
Q

Consists of the brain and spinal cord and processes all information received from our sense organs and reacts as necessary

A

Central Nervous System

21
Q

A small space that exist between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another

A

Synaptic Cleft

22
Q

Chemicals released from a nerve cell to another across the synaptic cleft

A

Neurotransmitters

23
Q

The most primitive part and is responsible for most of the automatic functions necessary for survival

A

Brain stem

24
Q

The lowest part of the brainstem, and contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. Controls activities like breathing, heartbeat, and digestion

25
Contains parts of the Reticular activating system, contributes to arousal, tension, and walking and sleeping
Midbrain
26
Includes the following structure: Hippocampus, Cingulate gyrus, septum, and amygdala
Limbic System
27
Largest part of the forebrain
Cerebral Cortex
28
Associated with recognition of sights and sounds and long term memory storage
Temporal Lobe
29
Associated with touch recognition
Parietal Lobe
30
Integrates visual input
Occipital lobe
31
Largely responsible for thinking and reasoning abilities and memory
Frontal Lobe
32
Works in coordination with the brain stem to ensure proper bodily functioning
Peripheral Nervous System
33
The Peripheral Nervous System consists of the:
Somatic Nervous System & Automatic Nervous System
34
An excitatory neurotransmitter that turns on neurons, leading to action
Glutamate
35
Reduces postsynaptic activity which in turn, inhibits several behaviors and emotions, particularly anxiety
GABA
36
Makes it easier for GABA to attach to specialized receptors
Benzodiazepines
37
Concentrated in the midbrain and connected to the cortex, thus producing widespread effects on behavior, mood, and thought process
Serotonin
38
Stimulates at least alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors
Norepinephrine
39
Has been implicates in schizophrenia and may act by switching on various brain circuits that inhibit or facilitate emotions or behavior
Dopamine
40
The lack of behavior shown by an organism when it encounters conditions over which no control is possible
Learned Helplessness
41
Albert Bandura observed that organisms can learn simply by watching others in their environment
Modeling
42
Reflects the recognition that biology and genetics influence what we learn and how readily we do so
Prepared Learning
43
The alarm reaction that activates during potentially life-threatening emergencies
Flight or Fight Response
44
Speculated that fear activates the cardiovascular system
Walter Cannon
45
An Action tendency to behave in a certain way that is elicited
Emotion
46
A more persistent period of affect or emotionality
Mood
47
refers to the momentary emotional tone that accompanies what we say or do
Affect