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Abnormal Psych > Lesson 1 - Historical Context > Flashcards

Lesson 1 - Historical Context Flashcards

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1
Q

It is a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

A

Psychological disorder, or abnormal behavior

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2
Q

refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

A

Psychological dysfunction

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3
Q

the scientific study of psychological disorders.

A

Psychopathology

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4
Q

Specially trained professionals in the field of abnormal psychology

A

counseling psychologists
Psychiatrists
Psychiatric social workers
marriage and family therapists

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5
Q

Many mental health professionals take a scientific approach to their clinical work and therefore are called _______________

A

scientist-practitioners

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6
Q

a traditional shorthand way of indicating why the person came to the clinic

A

Presents

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7
Q

Represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.

A

Clinical Description

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8
Q

how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder?

A

Prevalence

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9
Q

Statistics on how many new cases occur during a given period represents the _________

A

incidence

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10
Q

meaning that they tend to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime.

A

chronic course

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11
Q

the individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time.

A

episodic course

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12
Q

the disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period.

A

time-limited course

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13
Q

disorders that begin suddenly

A

Acute onset

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14
Q

disorders that develop gradually over an extended period

A

insidious onset

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15
Q

The anticipated course of a disorder

A

prognosis

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16
Q

the study of origins, has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it) and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

A

Etiology

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17
Q

Three major models of abnormal behavior

A

supernatural model
biological model
psychological model

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18
Q

First surgical treatment in the supernatural tradition

A

Trephining

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19
Q

Supernatural treatment where various religious rituals were performed to rid the victim of evil spirits.

A

Exorcism

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20
Q

A phenomenon characterized by large-scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior.

A

Mass Hysteria

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21
Q

Mass hysteria may simply demonstrate the phenomenon of ________________, in which the experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us

A

Emotion Contagion

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22
Q

Suggested that the movements of the moon and stars had profound effects on
people’s psychological functioning.

A

Paracelsus

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23
Q

Paracelsus’s theory inspired the word _______

A

Lunatic

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24
Q

considered to be the father of modern Western medicine.

A

Hippocrates

25
Q

adopted the ideas of Hippocrates and his associates and developed them further

A

Galen

26
Q

Hippocrates assumed that normal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids called ______

A

Humors

27
Q

Four Bodily Humors

A

Blood
Black bile
Yellow bile
Phlegm

28
Q

describes someone who is ruddy in complexion, presumably from copious blood flowing through the body, and cheerful and optimistic

A

Sanguine

29
Q

means depressive (depression was thought to be caused by black bile flooding the brain)

A

Melancholic

30
Q

indicates apathy and sluggishness but can also mean being calm under stress

A

Phlegmatic

31
Q

(from yellow bile or choler) is hot tempered

A

Choleric

32
Q

a carefully measured amount of blood was removed from the body, often with leeches.

A

Bloodletting

33
Q

Two treatments that were developed to balance humors

A

Bloodletting
Vomitting

34
Q

a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain, include believing that everyone is plotting against you (delusion of persecution) or that you are God (delusion of grandeur), as well as other bizarre behaviors.

A

Advanced Syphilis

35
Q

The champion of the biological tradition in the United States

A

John P. Grey

36
Q

Manfred Sakel, began using increasingly higher dosages of Insulin until, finally, patients convulsed and became temporarily comatose. Some actually recovered their mental health, much to the surprise of everybody, and their recovery was attributed to the convulsions.

A

Insulin Shock Therapy

37
Q

Basic tenets included treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction

A

Moral therapy

38
Q

appeared in the 16th century, but they were more like prisons than hospitals.

A

Asylums

39
Q

__________ Campaigned endlessly for reform in the treatment of insanity and was a reason for the decline of moral therapy

A

Dorothea Dix

40
Q

widely regarded as the father of hypnosis, a state in which extremely suggestible subjects sometimes appear to be in a trance

A

Anton Mesmer

41
Q

It is therapeutic to recall and relive emotional trauma that has been made unconscious and to release the accompanying tension. This release of emotional material became known as

A

Catharsis

42
Q

Freud expanded his observations into __________________ , the most comprehensive theory yet constructed on the development and structure of our personalities

A

Psychoanalytic model

43
Q

the source of our strong sexual and aggressive feelings or energies.

A

Id

44
Q

The energy or drive within the id

A

Libido

45
Q

Overriding goal of maximizing pleasure and eliminating any associated tension or
conflicts.

A

Pleasure Principle

46
Q

this type of thinking is emotional, irrational, illogical, filled with fantasies, and preoccupied with sex, aggression, selfishness, and envy

A

Primary Process

47
Q

The part of our mind that ensures that we act realistically

A

Ego

48
Q

thinking style characterized by logic and reason

A

Secondary Process

49
Q

what we might call conscience, represents the moral principles instilled in us by our parents and our culture

A

Superego

50
Q

unconscious protective processes that keep primitive emotions associated with conflicts in check so that the ego can continue its coordinating function.

A

Defense Mechanisms

51
Q

patients come to relate to the therapist much as they did to important figures in their childhood, particularly their parents

A

Transference

52
Q

therapists project some of their own personal issues and feelings, usually positive, onto the patient

A

countertransference

53
Q

The underlying assumption is that all of us could reach our highest potential, in all areas of functioning, if only we had the freedom to grow.

A

Self-Actualizing

54
Q

In this approach, the therapist takes a passive role, making as few interpretations as possible. The point is to give the individual a chance to develop during the course of therapy,

A

Person-centered therapy

55
Q

the complete and almost unqualified acceptance of most of the client’s feelings and actions

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

56
Q

The sympathetic understanding of the individual’s particular view of the world

A

Empathy

57
Q

Also known as the cognitive-behavioral model or social learning model

A

Behavioral Model

58
Q

a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response

A

Classical Conditioning

59
Q

Individuals were gradually introduced to the objects or situations they feared so that their fear could extinguish

A

Systematic Desensitization

Abnormal Psych (10 decks)

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