Lesson 2: Health Care System Flashcards
According to ____, a____ is an arrangement of parts, and their interconnections come together for a purpose
Bertalanffy (1968), “system”
Health system consist of many parts:
Community
Department or ministries of health
Health care providers
Health service organizations
Pharmaceutical companies
Health financing bodies
Other organizations related to health
According to _____, _____ is the combination of resources, organization, financing and management that culminate in the delivery of health services to the population
Roemer (1991), health system
According to _____, _____ is all the organizations, institutions and resources that are devoted to producing health actions.
WHO Report (2000), health system
According to WHO, _____ is defined as any effort, whether in personal health care, public health services or through intersectoral initiatives, whose primary purpose is to _______
Health action, to improve health
What are the goals and function of health system according to WHO
- Improve the health of the population
- Improve the responsiveness of the health system to the population it serves
- Fairness in financial contribution
It is the overarching goal
Improving population health
What are the inequitable disparities in health.
Gender
Occupation
Geographic location
Ethnicity
Sexual orientation
Income
Concept that the health system provides services in a manner that people want or desire and engage people as active partners.
Responsiveness
Four vital health systems function
Health service provision
Health service inputs
Stewardship
Health financing
It is the most visible product of the health care system
Health service provision
- Managing resources
- the assembling of essential resources for delivering health
Health service input
Other name for stewardship?
Overall system oversight
It sets of the context and policy framework for the overall health system
Stewardship
This includes collecting revenues, pooling financial risk, and allocating revenue
Health financing
Different types of health financing
Revenue collection
Risk pooling
Strategic purchasing
-collection of money to pay for health care services
- general taxation
Revenue collection
- collection and management of financial resources in a way that spreads financial risk to individual to all members
- used by insurance company
- core function of health insurance mechanism
Risk pooling
Types of risk pooling
Bismarck Model (1883)
Beveridge Model (1942)
Bismarck method was named after?
Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
The insurers are called?
Sickness funds
- It is financed jointly by employers and employees through payroll deduction.
- It is mainly used by Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Japan, Switzerland
Bismarck Model
Beveridge model is named after?
William Beveridge
- It is financed by the government through tax payments
- It is used by Great Britain, Spain, most of Scandinavia, New Zealand, Hongkong, and Cuba
Beveridge Model
Purchasers use collected and pooled financial resources to finance or buy health care services for their members
Strategic purchasing
Building blocks of WHO health system framework
Service Delivery
Health Workforce
Information
Medical products, Vaccine, Technology
Financing
Leadership and Governance
Outcomes of WHO health system framework
Improved Health
Responsiveness
Information and Financial risk protection
Improved Efficiency
Deliver effective, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions
Service Delivery
One which works in ways that are responsive, fair, and efficient to achieve the best health outcomes possible
Health workforce
Ensures production, analysis, dissemination
Information
Ensures equitable access to essential ______ of assured quality, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness, and their scientifically sound and cost-effective use.
Medical products, vaccines, and technologies
Raises adequate funds for health
Financing
Involves ensuring strategic policy frameworks exist and are combined with effective stewardship
Leadership and Governance
Developed a largely centralized government-funded and operated health care system
1970: Primary Health Care for all
Promoted participatory management of the local health care system
1979: L.O.I. 949 “Adoption of Primary Health Care”
Integrated public health and hospital services
1982: E.O. 851 “Reorganization of DOH”
Prevention and nutrition to promote breastfeeding
1986: Milk Code 1986
Prescriptions are written using the generic name of the drug in an attempt to lower expenditure on drugs by promoting and purchasing non-branded medicines
1988: R.A. 6675 “the Generics Act”
Transfer of responsibility of health service provisions to the local government units
1991: R.A. 7160 “Local Governance Code”
Aims to provide all citizens a mechanism for financial protection with priority given to the poor
1995: R.A. 7875 “National Health Insurance Act”
Major organizational reconstructing of the DOH to improve the way health care is delivered, regulated, and financed
1996: Health Sector Reform Agenda
Adoption of operational framework to undertake reforms with speed, precision, and effective coordination
2005: FOURmula One (F1) for Health
Promotes and ensures access to affordable quality drugs and medicines for all
2008: R.A 9502 “ Access to Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act ”
Universal Health coverage and access to quality health care for all Filipinos.
2010: A.O. 2010-0036 “Kalusugang Pangkalahatang”
Generating extra revenue for the DOH by discouraging harmful consumption of alcohol and tobacco
2013: Sin Taxes for Health
All Filipinos are guaranteed equitable access to quality and affordable health care services
2019: R.A. 11223 “Universal Health Care Law”
____ is mandated to provide national policy direction and develop national plans, technical standards, and guidelines of health.
Department Of Health (DOH)
THe Philippine is divided under LGC of 1991 is composed of:
- 78 provincial governors
- 138 city mayors
- 1,496 municipal mayors
- 42,025 barangay chairpersons
- 17 regions
- “All for Health Towards Health For All” is the rally point for its vision of a healthy Philippines by 2020
- It expanded the scope of the Universal Health Care
The Philippine Health Agenda (DOH A.O. 2016-0038)
This includes the four key medium-term plans to translate the vision of aspirations for the Filipinos and the country.
The Philippine Developmental Plan 2017-2022
This is a collective long-term plan which envisions a better life for the Filipinos and the country in the next 25 years
NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040
This is a compilation of 17 developmental goals that targets to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and confront issues involving climate change and its effects.
Sustainable Developmental Goals 2030
