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MICROPARA > LESSON 2 and 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 2 and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

contain membrane-bound organelles and nucleus

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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2
Q

Does not contain nucleus or any membrane-bound organelle

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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3
Q

Are acellular (neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic)

A

Viruses

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4
Q

Microorganisms that have no medical importance and does not cause disease to humans

A

Archaea

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5
Q

Archaea are

A

Extremophiles

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6
Q

Extremophiles could be:

A

Halophiles or salt-loving
Thermophiles or heat-loving
Alkaliphiles or alkaline-loving
Acidophiles or acid-loving

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7
Q

It is the bacteria of interest in medicine

A

Eubacteria

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8
Q

Eubacteria has cell walls that is composed of a carbohydrate and protein complex called

A

Peptidoglycan

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9
Q

classified based on the thickness of the cell wall

A

Eubactera

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10
Q

Eubacteria generally reproduce by dividing into two equal cells

A

Binary fission

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11
Q

Eubacteria can swim using appendages called

A

flagella

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
All bacteria has flagella.

A

False

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13
Q

It may be unicellular or multicellular (has both DNA and RNA)

A

Fungi

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14
Q

Fungi are composed of cell walls composed primarily if a substance called

A

Chitin

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15
Q

Human fungal disease

A

Mycoses

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16
Q

fungal disease located on the skin

A

Superficial mycoses

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17
Q

Fungal disease located in the body

A

Systemic mycoses

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18
Q

It is divided into molds and yeasts

A

Fungi

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19
Q

Are unicellular eukaryotic microbes classified based on their means of locomotion

A

Protozoa

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20
Q

Protozoa with pseudopods or false feet as their means of locomotion

A

Sarcodina

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21
Q

Example of sarcodina

A

Amoeba

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22
Q

Protozoa with flagella as their means of locomotion

A

Mastigophora

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23
Q

Example of mastigophora

A

Euglena

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24
Q

Protozoa with cilia as their means of locomotion

A

Ciliophora

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25
Q

Example of Ciliophora

A

Paramecium

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26
Q

Protozoa with no means of locomotion

A

Apicomplexa

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27
Q

Example of apicomplexa

A

Plasmodium

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28
Q

Are plant-like organisms, most have chlorophyll and are capable of photosynthesis

A

Algae

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29
Q

Algae has cell walls composed of a carbohydrate called

A

Cellulose

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30
Q

Algae that causes red tides

A

Dinoflagellates

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31
Q

Microorganisms that do not produce significant diseases in humans but are beneficial sources of food, iodine, and other minerals

A

Algae

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32
Q

Group of worms that live as parasites

A

Helminths

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33
Q

Are eukaryotic organisms with complex body organization

A

Helminths

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34
Q

They receive nutrients by ingesting and absorbing digestive contents or ingesting and absorbing body fluids or tissues.

A

Helminths

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35
Q

Types of helminths

A

Tapeworm (cestodes)
Flukes (tematodes)
Roundworm (nematodes)

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36
Q

It takes over the cell host

A

Virus

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37
Q

A virus that infects bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

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38
Q

Parts of a virus

A

Capsid
Genome
Envelope

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39
Q

Acellular, obligate intracellular parasites that is structurally very simple

40
Q

Can reproduce only by using the cellular machinery of other organisms

41
Q

An infectious particle and a type of protein that can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally.

42
Q

Responsible for a variety of extremely fatal neurodegenerative diseases of animals but can be transmitted to humans

43
Q

Disease caused by prions transmitted from a cattle

A

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalitis (TSE)

44
Q

Disease caused by prions transmitted from cows

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalophaty (BSE)

45
Q

Disease caused by prions transmitted from humans

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

46
Q

All microbes have cells

47
Q

aka as the sugar coat

A

Glycocalyx

48
Q

a viscous (sticky),
gelatinous polymer that is external to the cell wall and composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or both.

A

Glycocalyx

49
Q

glycocalyx firmly attached to the cell wall

50
Q

glycocalyx that is loosely attached

A

Slime layer

51
Q

It is used to evade phagocytosis (serves as a deception to phagocytes)

A

Glycocalyx

52
Q

Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria (causes the bacteria to move)

53
Q

Bacteria that lacks flagella

54
Q

Bacteria with a single flagellum

A

Monotrichous

55
Q

Bacteria with flagella distributed over the entire cell

A

Peritrichous

56
Q

A tuft of flagella coming from one pole

A

Lophotrichous

57
Q

Flagella at both ends of the pole

A

Amphitrichous

58
Q

have a structure similar to that of
flagella

A

Axial Filaments (Endoflagella)

59
Q

Hair-like appendages that are shorter, straighter, and thinner than flagella

A

Pili/Fimbriae

60
Q

Used for attachment and transfer of DNA rather than for motility.

A

Pili/Fimbriae

61
Q

Defines the shape of the bacterium

62
Q

Ribosomes of bacteria

63
Q

Ribosomes of fungi

64
Q

The bacteria from the genus Mycoplasma do not have a cell wall. Hence, resistant to Gram Staining

65
Q

found inside the stalk of a fungus

66
Q

A collection of hyphae

67
Q

Two types of hyphae

A

Septate Hyphae
Aseptate Hyphae

68
Q

Hyphae with septa divisions

A

Septate hyphae

69
Q

Hyphae without septum

A

Aseptate hyphae

70
Q

It is 40 layers thick, 90% peptidoglycan, and 10% teichoic acid

A

Gram Positive Cell wall

71
Q

Protects bacteria from osmotic shock

72
Q

If the cell wall is destroyed, bacteria dies

73
Q

consist primarily of an alcohol (such as glycerol or ribitol) and phosphate. They may bind and regulate the movement of cations (positive ions) into and out of the cell.

A

Teichoic acids

74
Q

Carrier of malaria

A

Anopheles Mosquito

75
Q

Positive agent of malaria

A

Genus Plasmodium

76
Q

Two classes of teichoic acid

A

Lipoteichoic acid
Wall Teichoic acid

77
Q

linked to the plasma membrane

A

Lipoteichoic acid

78
Q

linked to the peptidoglycan layer

A

Wall Teichoic Acid

79
Q

Very thin, 1 layer only, no teichoic acid but with outer cell envelope (makes the cell impermeable to antibacterial agents)

A

Gram Negative Cell Wall

80
Q

contains antibiotic-inactivating enzyme

A

Periplasmic space

81
Q

Powerhouse of the bacterial cell and serves as a selective barrier through which materials can enter and exit the cell.

A

Plasma Membrane

82
Q

Plasma membrane is selectively permeable because of

A

Phospholipids

83
Q

It contains enzymes capable of catalyzing the chemical reactions that breakdown nutrients and produce ATP

A

Plasma Membrane

84
Q

80% water

thick, aqueous, semitransparent, and elastic. It houses the nucleoid (containing DNA), particles called ribosomes, and reserve deposits called inclusions

85
Q

A single long, continuous and frequently circularly arranged thread of double-stranded DNA called the bacterial chromosome (which carries all the information required for the cell’s structure and functions)

86
Q

the target of antibiotics and site of protein synthesis

87
Q

the suicide bag; releases enzymes

88
Q

The extrachromosomal genetic elements that are not connected to the main bacterial chromosome, but can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA

89
Q

used for gene manipulation in biotechnology and may carry genes for such activities as antibiotic resistance, tolerance to toxic metals, the production of toxins, and the synthesis of enzymes

90
Q

aka as reserve deposits

A

Inclusions

91
Q

Cells may accumulate certain nutrients when they are plentiful and use them when the environment is deficient.

92
Q

the resting cells; produced by bacteria (genus Bacillus and Clostridium) when they are under hostile environment

A

Endospores

93
Q

composition of endospores which is resistant to heat, drying,
chemical agents and radiation

A

Dipicolinic acid

94
Q

The process of spore formation which occurs when environment is not favorable to the bacterium

A

Sporulation

95
Q

The process called when the bacterium returns to its vegetative state.

A

Germination

MICROPARA (8 decks)

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