LESSON 1 Flashcards
From the Greek words “mikros”, “bios”, and “logia” or “logos”
MICROBIOLOGY
The study of organisms that are so small they cannot be seen with the naked eye
MICROBIOLOGY
Microorganisms or microbes are categorized into
ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS
CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS
Examples of Acellular
Prions
Viruses
Examples of Cellular
PROKARYOTES
Archaea
Bacteria
EUKARYOTES
Algae
Fungi
Protozoa
The study of bacteria
BACTERIOLOGY
The study of viruses
VIROLOGY
The study of fungi
MYCOLOGY
The study of protozoa and parasitic worms
PARASITOLOGY
The study of algae
PHYCOLOGY
The study of the immune system and the immune response
IMMUNOLOGY
a thousand or more species of microorganisms that inhabit the human body which only produce disease in persons with compromised immune systems
NORMAL FLORA (INDIGENOUS FLORA)
sources of antimicrobial agents.
BACTERIA AND FUNGI
Some microorganisms act as
SAPROPHYTES OR DECOMPOSERS
who established nomenclature in 1735
Carolus Linnaeus
was the language traditionally used by scholars.
LATIN
Microorganisms are normally known by two names:
GENUS (GENERA)
SPECIFIC EPITHET (species name)
Scientific names can , among other things,
DESCRIBE AN ORGANISM
HONOR A RESEARCHER
IDENTIFY THE HABITAT OF THE SPECIE
IDENTIFY ITS USE
Father of Cytology
• Discovered the cell and described it as “little boxes”
ROBERT HOOKE
all living things are composed of cells.
THE CELL THEORY
Hooke’s 1665 book that contained descriptions of plant cells
MICROGRAPHIA
Dutch merchant and an amateur scientist
Created the single lens microscope
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
Leeuwenhoek titles
FATHER OF MICROSCOPY
FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY
The first to actually observe live microorganisms which he called animalcules
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
Disproved the theory of Spontaneous Generation (abiogenesis) and proved that only preexisting microbes could give rise to other microbes (biogenesis)
LOUIS PASTEUR
What did Louis Pasteur develop
THE PROCESS OF PASTEURIZATION AND FERMENTATION
German biologist
Classification of bacteria into four
groups based on shape (sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals).
FERDINAND JULIUS COHN
German physician
Father of Microbiological
Techniques
ROBERT KOCH
Defined the procedure (Koch’s
postulates) for proving that a specific organism causes a specific disease.
ROBERT KOCH
What did Koch discover
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Vibrio Cholerae
Bacillus anthracis
Father of Immunology
Discovered the first vaccine
(from the Latin word vacca, meaning cow) for smallpox.
EDWARD JENNER
Father of Antiseptic Surgery
He found a way to prevent infection in wounds
during and after surgery.
JOSEPH LISTER
He introduced weak carbolic
hand washes for surgical staff and carbolic acid baths for the instruments
JOSEPH LISTER
The basis of modern infection control.
LISTER’S ANTISEPSIS SYSTEM
Father of Chemotherapy
Discovered Salvarsan for the treatment of syphilis (disease
that was then endemic,
incurable, and often deadly)
PAUL EHRLICH
treatment of disease by using chemical substances
CHEMOTHERAPY
also known as the “magic bullet”
It became the most widely prescribed drug in the world, first blockbuster drug and remained the most effective drug for syphilis until penicillin became available
SALVARSAN
Discovered Penicillin from Penicillium notatum
ALEXANDER FLEMING
Began the era of antibiotics
INTRODUCTION OF PENICILLIN IN 1940s
Discovered on September 3, 1928 but was introduced as treatment by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
PENICILLIN
Hungarian physician
• Father of Infection Control
• First person to discover and propose
the medical benefits of handwashing
IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS
