Lesson 2 Flashcards by Tristan Wiebe

SA node

sets rate 60-100LPM

innervated by ANS to vary speed

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Atrial contraction

squeezes blood from atria to ventricles

both sides happen at same time

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inte nodal pathways

blood moves down them, causing the right atria to contract from the top down

Bachman’s bundles do the same thing on the left side

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why does there need to be a pause after contractions

to allow atria to completely empty

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AV node

slows signal down
back up pacemaker
40-60LPM

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electric pathway

SA (60-100LPM)
AV (40-60LPM)
his bundle 
L/R bundle branches 
punjunke fibres

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ICF

more sodium phosphate and magnesium

more potassium diffusion channels then sodium (passive transport)

Na/K pump potassium in sodium out (active transport)

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ECF

more chlorine, sodium

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voltage gated channel

need enough stimulus to open

close automatically

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resting membrane potential

-70mv

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polarized (resting) state

myocardial cell -90mv

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depolarized state

stimulate sodium gates to open cell depolarizes

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repolarization

sodium gates close
potassium open
resting state is achieved

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0mv

sodium is rushing in

calcium slowly entering

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phase 1

Cl enters

K continues to leave

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phase 2

Ca enters slow

K leaves slow

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phase 3

Ca closes

K still leaving

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phase 4

resting potential

Na pumped out

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Myocardial contraction

Ca causes contraction

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flow towards positive is positive t/f

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ECG height/time measurements

mV and seconds

each square

0.2 sec

each tiny square

0.04 sec

2 boxes up

1 mV

p wave relates to...

SA node depolarization of atria positive

r wave relates to...

left ventricle

QRS complex

depolarization of ventricles | 0.08-0.12 seconds

t wave

repolarization of ventricles negative (appears positive) slower

QT interval

time ventricles are active

PR interval

0.12s-0.2s start of p to start of qrs depolarization from SA node

PR segment

end of p to start of q | repolarization of atrium

Q wave

septum depolarization negative first negative wave after P

R wave

myocardium depolarization left ventricle first positive after P

S wave

depolarization of ventricles near atrial junction first negative after R

ST segment

end of Q to start of T | repolarization of ventricles

electrode placement

10cm from heart

lead 1 placement

left shoulder going right

lead 2 placement

left hip to right shoulder used for rhythm recognition and monitoring

limb 3

left hip to left shoulder atria to ventricles

unipolar leads

Right arm, left arm and left leg

lead aVl

view of lateral wall

lead aVr

view of great vessels

lead aVf

view of inferior wall

ATP ratio

3 sodium out 2 potassium in

polarized state for myocardial cells

-90mv

phase 0

sodium rushes in calcium slowly enters potassium is peacing the fuck out

what element causes myocardial contraction

calcium

3 phases of refractoriness

absolute relative supranormal

what do pacemakers do

let sodium seep in until threshold is met

pore

non gated channel

active transport ratio

3 sodium out 2 potassium in