Lesson 2

Question 1

__ further notes that it is “the process of understanding the impact of design on an audience.”

Answer 1

Mike Kuniaysky

Question 2

__ are the techniques used to collect data for an _ study. They are the means researchers utilize to acquire knowledge about the social settings under investigation and tap into the participants’ points of view.

Answer 2

Ethnographic methods

Question 3

The three main ethnographic methods are __ observation, interviews, and archival research. Usually, researchers use all or a mix of all these ethnographic methods to collect data for their study.

Answer 3

(7-8) participant

Question 4

There are two types of ethnographic observation:

Answer 4

Active participant observation
Passive participant observation

Question 5

__ in ethnographic fieldwork involve observing the participants in their natural environment and asking them questions to gain more insights.

Answer 5

Interviews

Question 6

__ is an ethnographic method in which you collect and analyze existing research data, websites, annual reports, and other relevant written documents to learn more about the people and place you are investigating.

Answer 6

Archival research

Question 7

__ is a type of ethnographic field study that involves in-depth observation and interviews of a small sample of users to gain a robust understanding of work practices and behaviors. Its name describes exactly what makes it valuable —

Answer 7

Contextual inquiry

Question 8

The research takes place in the users’ natural environment as they conduct their activities the way they normally would. The _ could be in their home, office, or somewhere else entirely.

Answer 8

Context

Question 9

The researcher watches the user as she performs her task and asks for information to understand how and why users do what they do.

Answer 9

Inquiry

Question 10

__during the early discovery stages for a new feature or product because this research data is so critical in shaping design choices such as:

Answer 10

•conduct contextual inquiry

requirements,
personas,
features,
architecture, and
content strategy

Question 11

4 Grounding Principles

Answer 11

Context
Partnership
Interpretation
Focus

Question 12

The researcher should observe in the natural environment.

Answer 12

Context

Question 13

The user and researcher are partners in the process of understanding the work.

Answer 13

Partnership

Question 14

The researcher should develop a comprehensive and shared _ for all important aspects of the work, aided by feedback from the user.

Answer 14

Interpretation

Question 15

The researcher should understand the purpose of the research project and what information should be sought.

Answer 15

Focus

Question 16

4-Part Session Structure

Answer 16

The primer
The transition
The contextual interview
The wrap-up

Question 17

Is meant to ease the participant into the session. Starting casually allows your participant to become comfortable with you and learn what to expect from the session.

Answer 17

The primer

Question 18

When finished with the introduction and general interview, make an explicit and clear _ into the contextual interview portion of the meeting.

Answer 18

The transition

Question 19

This phase usually goes through multiple iterations of the following 2-step pattern:
• Watch and learn.
• Stop and initiate discussion when the user does something you don’t immediately understand or when you want to confirm an interpretation.

Answer 19

The contextual interview

Question 20

At the end:
• Ask any final clarifying questions.
• Review your notes and summarize what you took away from the interview by explaining your interpretation of the observed processes. This is your users’ chance to give final clarifications and correct your understanding.

Answer 20

The wrap-up

Question 21

How do you design and conduct user interviews and surveys?

Answer 21

Define your goals
Choose your methods
Design your questions
Conduct your interviews or surveys
Analyze your data

Question 22

Before you start creating your interview or survey questions, you need to define your research _.

Answer 22

Define your goals

Question 23

Depending on your goals, you may choose to use interviews, surveys, or a combination of both.

Answer 23

Choose your methods

Question 24

The quality of your data is dependent on the quality of your _, so it is important to design them carefully.

Answer 24

Design your questions

Question 25

Once you have your questions ready, you need to recruit and select your participants.

Answer 25

Conduct your interviews or surveys

Question 26

The final stage of your research is to _ and draw conclusions.

Answer 26

Analyze your data

Question 27

_ are archetypal users of an intranet or website that represent the needs of larger groups of users, in terms of their goals and personal characteristics.

Answer 27

Personas

Question 28

The basic steps for designing personas are:

Answer 28

1. Find the users
2. Build a hypothesis
3. Verification
4. Finding Patterns
5. Construct Personas

Question 29

Study lots of users to start getting a sense of who they are

Answer 29

1. Find the users

Question 30

What is the context that matters

Answer 30

2. Build a hypothesis

Question 31

Find data to support the initial patterns you identified

Answer 31

3. Verification

Question 32

List the patterns/categories you found

Answer 32

4. Finding Patterns

Question 33

Avoid stereotypes

Answer 33

5. Construct Personas

Question 34

To use personas, you generally follow these steps:

Answer 34

1. Define Situations
2. Validate and Buy In
3. Dissemination of Knowledge
4. Creating Scenarios
5. Ongoing Development

Question 35

Come up with scenarios where the persona will be used

Answer 35

1. Define Situations

Question 36

Make sure the team agrees

Answer 36

2. Validate and Buy In

Question 37

Share with new team members / participants

Answer 37

3. Dissemination of Knowledge

Question 38

Create real-world scenarios where the personas will use the technology

Answer 38

4. Creating Scenarios

Question 39

Keep personas updated

Answer 39

5. Ongoing Development

Question 40

are detailed descriptions of a user – typically a persona – that describe realistic situations relevant to the design of a solution.

Answer 40

User scenarios

Question 41

Benefits of creating User Scenarios

Answer 41

• Explore and explain motivations
• Events leading up to the scenario
• Explicitly describe how our persona Persona involved and their role (if relevant).
• Environment in which the scenario is performed.