lesson 2

Question 1

whereby members of the community live together for mutual benefit

Answer 1

Social solidarity

Question 2

Earliest forms of society
Survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing and gathering edible plants

Answer 2

Hunting and gathering societies

Question 3

“Pastoral” came from a Latin word pastor which means

Answer 3

“shepherd”.

Question 4

People living in a pastoral society are called pastoralists.
Crops cannot be supported and only have to move when the land in which animals gaze is no longer usable
Rely on products through the domestication and breeding of animals for transportation and food.

Answer 4

Pastoral Societies

Question 5

Rely on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables and pants in order to survive
Often forced to relocate when the resources of the land are depleted or when the water supplies decrease.

Answer 5

Horticultural Societies

Question 6

Focuses on mode of production
Rely on the use of technology in order to cultivate crops in large areas, including wheat. Rice and corn.
Productivity increase, and as long as there are plenty of food, people do not have to move

Answer 6

Agricultural societies

Question 7

Economy are based on services and technology, not production
Economy is dependent on tangible goods, people must pursue greater education, and the new communications technology allows work to be performed from a variety of locations.

Answer 7

Post Industrial Societies

Question 8

refers to the set of beliefs, attitudes, as well as material objects and possessions accumulated over time and shared by the members of society.

Answer 8

CULTURE

Question 9

composed of the physical or tangible objects produced, shared, and utilized within society such as tools or implements, paintings and other works of art, architectural styles, weaponry, and toys.

Answer 9

Material Culture

Question 10

consists of the intangible properties and elements of society that influence the patterns of action and behavior of its members. Examples: language, beliefs, values, attitudes, ideas, and norms shared among members of society

Answer 10

Nonmaterial Culture

Question 11

refer to things that convey meaning or represent an idea.

Answer 11

Symbols

Question 12

is a set of symbols that enables members of society to communicate verbally (spoken) and nonverbally (written, gestures)

Answer 12

Language

Question 13

are shared ideas, norms, and principles that provide members of society the standards that pertain to what is right or wrong, good or bad, desirable or undesirable.

Answer 13

Values

Question 14

are shared rules of conduct that determine specific behavior among society members

Answer 14

Norms

Question 15

A group of people who share a common territory and a culture
Represents social structures organizations

Answer 15

SOCIETY

Question 16

Sociologists refer to a definable region as small as a neighborhood

Answer 16

Territory

Question 17

a group of individuals sharing a common culture, geographical location, and government. Human beings are considered to be naturally inclined to be part of societies where they establish mutually beneficial relationships with one another. Societies enable in

Answer 17

SOCIETY AND CULTURE

Question 18

are norms that may be violated without serious consequences.

Answer 18

Folkways

Question 19

are norms with moral connotations.

Answer 19

Mores

Question 20

are norms that are legally enacted and enforced.

Answer 20

Laws

Question 21

refers to the lifelong process of forging identity through social interaction.

Answer 21

Socialization

Question 22

refers to the process by which an individual gradually learns or acquires the important aspects of his or her society’s culture.

Answer 22

Enculturation

Question 23

refers to a particular circumstances of a certain culture and is defined by location, weather, time period, and other factors.

Answer 23

Context

Question 24

is the belief that one’s native culture is superior to other cultures.

Answer 24

Ethnocentric Approach

Question 24

considers culture as the central focus of its discipline. It studies the different cultures of different societies.

Answer 24

ANTHROPOLOGY

Question 24

diminishes or invalidates “other” ways of life and creates a distorted view of one’s own. As a result, this could affect individual behavior and relationship with other cultures.

Answer 24

Ethnocentrism

Question 24

considers cultures as equal. This view holds that there are no “superior” and “inferior” cultures, and each is unique in its own way.

Answer 24

Relativistic Approach

Question 24

the tendency to consider that their culture is inferior to others.

Answer 24

Xenocentrism

Question 25

recognizes and accepts the cultural differences between societies

Answer 25

Cultural Relativism

Question 26

relates culture with the overall context of social order. There are different sociological perspectives that explain this order.

Answer 26

SOCIOLOGY

Question 27

operates on the assumption that society is a stable and orderly system.

Answer 27

Structural functionalism

Question 28

assumes that there is a constant power struggle among the various social groups and institutions within society.

Answer 28

Conflict Theory

Question 29

also examines culture as a vital aspect of society. Culture, together with political socialization, is analyzed in order to explain political behavior such as voting patterns and the behavior of leaders.

Answer 29

Political Science

Question 30

views individual and group behavior and social interactions as defining features of society.

Answer 30

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 30

an ideology that acknowledges and promotes cultural diversity within society.

Answer 30

Multiculturalism

Question 31

advances awareness and acceptance of cultural differences but encourages a critical stance in dealing with issues regarding diversity.

Answer 31

Cultural Sensitivity