LESSON 19: The synapse and urinary system

Question 1

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

Answer 1

To remove waste products from the blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance.

Question 2

How many kidneys are typically found in the human body?

Answer 2

Two.

Question 3

True or False: The kidneys are responsible for urine formation.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 4

The nephron.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The urinary bladder stores ______ before it is excreted.

Answer 5

Urine.

Question 6

What are the three main parts of a nephron?

Answer 6

The renal corpuscle, renal tubule, and collecting duct.

Question 7

True or False: The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

What is the role of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 8

To filter blood and form urine.

Question 9

Multiple Choice: Which structure is NOT part of the nephron? A) Glomerulus B) Loop of Henle C) Ureter D) Proximal tubule

Answer 9

C) Ureter.

Question 10

What is the main purpose of the renal tubule?

Answer 10

To reabsorb water and nutrients from the filtrate.

Question 11

True or False: The collecting duct is involved in the final concentration of urine.

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies the kidneys?

Answer 12

Renal artery.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

Answer 13

Glomerulus.

Question 14

How does urine exit the body?

Answer 14

Through the urethra.

Question 15

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 15

To concentrate urine and conserve water.

Question 16

True or False: The nephron can regenerate itself after injury.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

What type of cells line the renal tubules?

Answer 17

Epithelial cells.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration? A) Glomerulus B) Loop of Henle C) Distal tubule D) Collecting duct

Answer 18

A) Glomerulus.

Question 19

What is the primary waste product eliminated by the urinary system?

Answer 19

Urea.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The urine formed in the kidneys is transported to the bladder via the ______.

Answer 20

Ureters.

Question 21

What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 21

To regulate blood pressure and filtration rate in the nephron.

Question 22

True or False: The urinary system helps regulate blood pH.

Answer 22

True.

Question 23

What is the average number of nephrons per kidney?

Answer 23

About 1 million.

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys? A) Insulin B) Aldosterone C) Renin D) Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 24

D) Antidiuretic hormone.

Question 25

What is the significance of the renal pelvis?

Answer 25

It collects urine from the collecting ducts and channels it to the ureters.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the outer layer of the kidney.

Answer 26

Renal capsule.

Question 27

What is the primary role of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 27

To further adjust the composition of urine through secretion and reabsorption.

Question 28

True or False: The urinary bladder has the ability to expand.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

What are the two main types of nephrons?

Answer 29

Cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons.

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which structure is responsible for the filtration of blood? A) Renal tubule B) Glomerulus C) Urethra D) Ureter

Answer 30

B) Glomerulus.

Question 31

What is the primary function of the urethra?

Answer 31

To transport urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: Blood is filtered in the ______ of the nephron.

Answer 32

Glomerulus.

Question 33

What is the name of the process by which urine is formed in the kidneys?

Answer 33

Urine formation.

Question 34

True or False: Nephrons can be found in both the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Answer 34

True.

Question 35

What is the primary function of the kidneys in urine formation?

Answer 35

To filter blood and remove waste products, leading to urine formation.

Question 36

True or False: The process of urine formation includes filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The functional unit of the kidney is called a __________.

Answer 37

nephron

Question 38

What is glomerular filtration?

Answer 38

The process by which blood is filtered in the glomerulus, allowing water and small solutes to pass into the nephron.

Question 39

Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for reabsorption of water?

Answer 39

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 40

What role does the loop of Henle play in urine concentration?

Answer 40

It establishes a concentration gradient in the medulla, allowing for water reabsorption.

Question 41

True or False: Urine is primarily composed of urea, creatinine, and water.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What hormones regulate water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Answer 42

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the nephron where secretion of ions and toxins occurs.

Answer 43

distal convoluted tubule

Question 44

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by the presence of glucose in urine?

Answer 44

Diabetes mellitus

Question 45

What is the countercurrent multiplier system?

Answer 45

A mechanism that maintains the osmotic gradient in the medulla, enhancing urine concentration.

Question 46

True or False: The pH of urine is always neutral at 7.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

What is the consequence of dehydration on urine formation?

Answer 47

It leads to more concentrated urine due to increased reabsorption of water.

Question 48

Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for the process of eliminating waste products in urine.

Answer 48

Excretion

Question 49

Multiple Choice: Which of the following substances is NOT typically found in urine?

Answer 49

Proteins

Question 50

What is the role of the renal pelvis?

Answer 50

To collect urine from the nephrons before it moves to the ureters.

Question 51

True or False: Urine formation occurs in the renal cortex only.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

What effect does caffeine have on urine formation?

Answer 52

It acts as a diuretic, increasing urine output.

Question 53

Fill in the blank: The __________ regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through its effects on the kidneys.

Answer 53

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 54

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a waste product excreted in urine?

Answer 54

Urea