LESSON 15 & 16: Passive and active transport Flashcards
1
Q
A
2
Q
What is passive transport?
A
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy.
3
Q
What is active transport?
A
The movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy, typically in the form of ATP.
4
Q
True or False: Passive transport requires energy input.
A
False
5
Q
Fill in the blank: Active transport moves substances _____ their concentration gradient.
A
against
6
Q
What type of molecules typically use passive transport?
A
Small, nonpolar molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.
7
Q
What is an example of passive transport?
A
Diffusion.
8
Q
What is an example of active transport?
A
Sodium-potassium pump.
9
Q
True or False: Facilitated diffusion is a form of passive transport.
A
True
10
Q
What is osmosis?
A
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
11
Q
What kind of proteins assist in active transport?
A
Transport proteins or pumps.
12
Q
Which transport method is faster, passive or active?
A
Active transport.
13
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of passive transport? A) No energy required B) Moves against concentration gradient C) Occurs naturally D) Relies on concentration differences
A
B) Moves against concentration gradient
14
Q
Fill in the blank: Active transport is crucial for maintaining _____ gradients across cell membranes.
A
ion
15
Q
True or False: Both passive and active transport can be used to move ions.
A
True
16
Q
What is the primary energy source for active transport?
A
ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
17
Q
Multiple Choice: Which process involves the engulfing of large particles? A) Diffusion B) Endocytosis C) Osmosis D) Exocytosis
A
B) Endocytosis
18
Q
What is the role of channel proteins in passive transport?
A
To facilitate the passage of specific ions or molecules across the membrane.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: Active transport often involves _____ changes in the shape of transport proteins.
A
conformational
20
Q
True or False: Passive transport can occur in both living and non-living systems.
A
True
21
Q
What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport?
A
Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy from the movement of another substance.
22
Q
What is the main driving force behind passive transport?
A
Concentration gradient.
23
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport? A) Sodium-potassium pump B) Glucose transport C) Osmosis D) Simple diffusion
A
B) Glucose transport
24
Q
What is equilibrium in the context of passive transport?
A
The state where the concentration of a substance is equal on both sides of a membrane.
25
Fill in the blank: In active transport, substances move from areas of _____ concentration to areas of _____ concentration.
low; high
26
True or False: Active transport can transport large molecules.
True
27
What is bulk transport?
The process of moving large quantities of substances into or out of a cell.
28
What is the primary purpose of passive transport?
To allow substances to move freely across the cell membrane according to their concentration gradients.
29
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport? A) Requires energy B) Moves with concentration gradient C) Occurs spontaneously D) Involves diffusion
A) Requires energy
30
Fill in the blank: The movement of water through aquaporins is an example of _____ transport.
passive
31
What does the term 'selectively permeable' mean?
A property of cell membranes that allows certain substances to pass while restricting others.
32
True or False: Active transport is essential for nerve impulse transmission.
True
33
What is passive transport?
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy.
34
What is active transport?
The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.
35
True or False: Passive transport requires energy input.
False
36
Name one type of passive transport.
Diffusion
37
What type of molecules are primarily transported by diffusion?
Small, nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide.
38
Fill in the blank: Facilitated diffusion requires ____ to assist in transporting molecules.
transport proteins
39
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
40
True or False: Osmosis is a form of active transport.
False
41
What type of molecules does facilitated diffusion transport?
Large or polar molecules, such as glucose.
42
What is the primary energy source for active transport?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
43
Name one example of active transport.
Sodium-potassium pump
44
True or False: Active transport can move molecules from low to high concentration.
True
45
What type of transport involves endocytosis?
Active transport
46
What is exocytosis?
The process of expelling materials from a cell by vesicles.
47
Fill in the blank: The movement of ions across membranes often requires ____ transport.
active
48
What is the role of transport proteins in facilitated diffusion?
To help specific molecules cross the cell membrane.
49
How does temperature affect passive transport?
Increased temperature generally increases the rate of passive transport.
50
What are channel proteins?
Proteins that create channels in the cell membrane for specific molecules to pass through.
51
What type of molecules are typically transported by active transport?
Ions and larger molecules.
52
What is bulk transport?
The movement of large quantities of materials into or out of a cell.
53
True or False: Passive transport is faster than active transport.
True
54
What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport?
Primary uses ATP directly, while secondary relies on the gradient created by primary.
55
Which type of transport does not require a protein?
Simple diffusion
56
What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump?
To maintain the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane.
57
Fill in the blank: The process of moving large particles into the cell is called ____.
endocytosis
58
What does tonicity refer to?
The ability of a solution to affect the shape of a cell by osmosis.
59
What is the outcome of placing a cell in a hypertonic solution?
The cell will lose water and shrink.
60
What is the outcome of placing a cell in a hypotonic solution?
The cell will gain water and may burst.
61
What is the function of aquaporins?
To facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes.
62
True or False: Carrier proteins change shape to transport molecules across membranes.
True
63
What is the term for the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient?
Diffusion
64
What is the primary characteristic of a selectively permeable membrane?
It allows certain substances to pass while restricting others.
65
What is the primary mode of transport for small nonpolar molecules across the cell membrane?
Simple diffusion
66
True or False: Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
True
67
Fill in the blank: The process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane is called __________.
osmosis
68
What type of transport involves the use of transport proteins but does not require energy?
Facilitated diffusion
69
What is the main difference between passive and active transport?
Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport does.
70
Which cellular transport method uses vesicles to move large molecules?
Bulk transport or vesicular transport
71
True or False: Ion channels are examples of facilitated diffusion.
True
72
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
Diffusion
73
Which transport mechanism is utilized by glucose to enter cells?
Facilitated diffusion
74
Fill in the blank: The sodium-potassium pump is an example of __________ transport.
active
75
What is endocytosis?
The process by which cells engulf substances from the outside environment.
76
What type of endocytosis involves the uptake of liquid?
Pinocytosis
77
True or False: Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis that involves the uptake of large particles.
True
78
What is the role of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?
They help transport specific substances across the membrane.
79
What drives the process of osmosis?
The difference in solute concentration across a membrane.
80
Fill in the blank: __________ transport does not involve the movement of solutes against their concentration gradient.
Passive
81
What is exocytosis?
The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release contents outside the cell.
82
Which type of molecules typically require facilitated diffusion to cross the plasma membrane?
Polar or large molecules
83
True or False: Active transport can occur without the presence of a membrane protein.
False
84
What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump?
To maintain the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane.
85
Fill in the blank: __________ is the movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Active transport
86
What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport?
Primary active transport directly uses ATP, while secondary active transport relies on the gradient created by primary transport.
87
What kind of molecules can pass through the lipid bilayer easily?
Small nonpolar molecules
88
True or False: Osmosis can occur through aquaporins, which are specialized water channels.
True
89
What is the significance of the concentration gradient in cellular transport?
It drives the movement of substances across membranes.
90
Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to the net movement of molecules until equilibrium is reached.
diffusion
91
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
To maintain membrane fluidity and stability.
92
What type of transport would be used to move a large protein into a cell?
Endocytosis
93
True or False: Molecules can move across the cell membrane in both directions through passive transport.
True
94
What are aquaporins?
Channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes.
95
What is the primary function of transport proteins in cellular membranes?
To facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane.
96
True or False: Active transport requires energy input.
True.
97
Fill in the blank: __________ transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.
Passive.
98
Which type of transport is best for large polar molecules?
Facilitated diffusion.
99
What type of transport is used for the movement of ions against their concentration gradient?
Active transport.
100
Multiple Choice: Which of the following molecules would most likely use simple diffusion? A) Glucose B) Oxygen C) Sodium ions
B) Oxygen.
101
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
102
True or False: Carrier proteins can change shape to transport molecules across the membrane.
True.
103
What is the role of ATP in active transport?
ATP provides the energy required for the transport process.
104
Fill in the blank: The __________ pump is an example of active transport in animal cells.
Sodium-potassium.
105
Which transport mechanism is best for small nonpolar molecules?
Simple diffusion.
106
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of bulk transport? A) Endocytosis B) Osmosis C) Facilitated diffusion
A) Endocytosis.
107
What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
Facilitated diffusion does not require energy, while active transport does.
108
True or False: Ion channels are a type of facilitated diffusion.
True.
109
What type of transport would be best for glucose uptake in cells?
Facilitated diffusion.
110
Fill in the blank: __________ transport involves the movement of substances in vesicles.
Bulk.
111
Which type of transport is most efficient for transporting large quantities of materials?
Bulk transport.
112
What is the significance of the concentration gradient in transport mechanisms?
It determines the direction of passive transport.
113
Multiple Choice: Which transport mechanism would be used to remove waste products from a cell? A) Exocytosis B) Diffusion C) Osmosis
A) Exocytosis.
114
True or False: Hydrophilic substances can easily pass through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane.
False.
115
What type of molecules typically require facilitated diffusion to cross the membrane?
Large or polar molecules.
116
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells engulf materials is called __________.
Endocytosis.
117
What is the primary role of aquaporins?
To facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes.
118
True or False: Active transport can move substances against their concentration gradient.
True.
119
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
To maintain membrane fluidity and stability.
120
Multiple Choice: Which type of transport is most likely to occur when a cell is in a hypertonic solution? A) Osmosis B) Active transport C) Facilitated diffusion
A) Osmosis.
121
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
It swells as water enters the cell.
122
Fill in the blank: Molecules that can cross the membrane freely are said to be __________.
Permeable.
123
What is the role of a sodium-potassium pump?
To maintain the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane.
124
True or False: Facilitated diffusion requires specific transport proteins.
True.
125
What type of transport would be used for the uptake of amino acids into a cell?
Active transport.
126
What is dialysis?
Dialysis is a process that removes waste and excess substances from the blood using a semi-permeable membrane.
127
True or False: In dialysis, only small molecules can pass through the cellulose membrane.
True
128
Fill in the blank: The process of water movement through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration is called _____.
osmosis
129
What role does the cellulose membrane play in dialysis?
The cellulose membrane acts as a barrier that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others based on size and charge.
130
Multiple choice: Which of the following substances can typically pass through a dialysis membrane? A) Proteins B) Glucose C) Red blood cells D) Platelets
B) Glucose
131
What is the primary purpose of dialysis in medical treatment?
The primary purpose of dialysis is to remove toxins and excess fluids from the blood in patients with kidney failure.
132
True or False: Osmosis only occurs in living organisms.
False
133
Short answer: Describe one application of dialysis outside of medical treatment.
Dialysis can be used in laboratory settings for the purification of proteins and other biomolecules.
134
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
135
Multiple choice: Which factor does NOT affect the rate of osmosis? A) Temperature B) Concentration gradient C) Size of the solute D) Surface area of the membrane
C) Size of the solute
136
Fill in the blank: During dialysis, the dialysate solution is used to create a concentration gradient that facilitates the movement of _____.
waste products
137
What is hypertonic solution in relation to osmosis?
A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to water moving out of cells placed in this solution.
138
True or False: In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell.
True
139
Short answer: What happens to red blood cells in a hypertonic solution?
Red blood cells shrink as water moves out of them.
140
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of dialysis? A) Hemodialysis B) Peritoneal dialysis C) Continuous renal replacement therapy D) Ultrafiltration
D) Ultrafiltration
141
Fill in the blank: The process of removing excess water by applying pressure to a solution is known as _____.
ultrafiltration
142
What is the significance of the concentration gradient in dialysis?
The concentration gradient drives the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration in the blood to an area of lower concentration in the dialysate.
143
True or False: Osmosis can occur without a semi-permeable membrane.
False
144
Short answer: How does the size of molecules affect their ability to pass through a dialysis membrane?
Smaller molecules can pass through the dialysis membrane, while larger molecules are typically retained.
145
What are aquaporins?
Aquaporins are specialized membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes.
146
True or False: Aquaporins only allow water molecules to pass through them.
True
147
Fill in the blank: Aquaporins help maintain __________ balance in cells by regulating water flow.
osmotic
148
Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which water is drawn into aquaporins? A) Active transport B) Passive diffusion C) Endocytosis D) Facilitated diffusion
D) Facilitated diffusion
149
What role do aquaporins play in kidney function?
Aquaporins help in the reabsorption of water from urine back into the bloodstream, regulating body hydration.
150
What is osmotic pressure?
Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop the flow of water across a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis.
151
True or False: Plant cells can withstand higher osmotic pressure than animal cells.
True
152
What happens to animal cells in a hypotonic environment?
Animal cells may burst due to excessive water intake.
153
Fill in the blank: In a hypertonic solution, plant cells experience __________.
plasmolysis
154
What is the main structural difference that allows plant cells to handle osmotic pressure better than animal cells?
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall.
155
Multiple Choice: In which solution do animal cells maintain their shape best?
Isotonic solution
156
What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on plant cells?
Plant cells lose water, leading to wilting.
157
True or False: Animal cells have a cell wall.
False
158
What term describes the process of water moving out of a cell in a hypertonic environment?
Osmosis
159
What is turgor pressure in plant cells?
Turgor pressure is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall, helping maintain cell structure.
160
In a hypotonic solution, what happens to plant cells?
They become turgid and firm due to water intake.
161
Multiple Choice: Which type of cell is more likely to undergo lysis in a hypotonic solution?
Animal cell
162
Fill in the blank: The process by which plant cells lose water and shrink is called __________.
plasmolysis
163
What role does the vacuole play in plant cells regarding osmotic pressure?
The vacuole stores water and maintains turgor pressure.
164
True or False: Both plant and animal cells can become crenated in a hypertonic solution.
False
165
What is endocytosis?
Endocytosis is the process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment.
166
What is exocytosis?
Exocytosis is the process by which cells expel substances to the external environment.
167
True or False: Endocytosis involves the formation of vesicles.
True
168
What are the two main types of endocytosis?
The two main types of endocytosis are phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
169
Fill in the blank: Phagocytosis is often referred to as 'cellular ________.'
eating
170
What type of endocytosis is primarily responsible for the uptake of fluids and small molecules?
Pinocytosis
171
Multiple choice: Which type of endocytosis involves the engulfing of large particles?
A) Phagocytosis
172
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a type of endocytosis that involves the uptake of specific molecules based on receptor-ligand interactions.
173
True or False: Exocytosis can be used to secrete hormones.
True
174
What role do vesicles play in exocytosis?
Vesicles transport materials to the cell membrane for release into the extracellular space.
175
Which type of exocytosis is involved in neurotransmitter release?
Calcium-dependent exocytosis
176
Fill in the blank: In exocytosis, materials are released from the cell through ________ fusion.
membrane
177
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of endocytosis?
C) Osmosis
178
What is the main difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
Phagocytosis involves the uptake of large particles, while pinocytosis involves the uptake of fluids and small solutes.
179
True or False: Endocytosis and exocytosis are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
True
180
What is the function of clathrin in endocytosis?
Clathrin helps in the formation of vesicles during receptor-mediated endocytosis.
181
Fill in the blank: During exocytosis, vesicles fuse with the ________ to release their contents.
plasma membrane
182
Multiple choice: Which type of endocytosis is characterized by the uptake of large particles such as bacteria?
B) Phagocytosis
183
What is the role of the cytoskeleton in endocytosis?
The cytoskeleton aids in the movement and positioning of vesicles during endocytosis.
184
True or False: Exocytosis can occur in both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
True
