lesson 15 Flashcards
aquarium
/əˈkweəriəm $ əˈkwer-/ noun (plural aquariums or aquaria /-riə/) [countable]
1 a clear glass or plastic container for fish and other water animals
2 a building where people go to look at fish and other water animals
arbitrary
/ˈɑːbətrəri, -tri $ ˈɑːrbətreri/adjective
decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly دیمی،همینطوری،اختیاری،بی حساب کتاب
an arbitrary decision
the arbitrary arrests of political opponents
—arbitrariness noun [uncountable]
—arbitrarily /ˈɑːbətrərəli $ ˌɑːrbəˈtrerəli/ adverb
autobiography
/ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi $ ˌɒːtəbaɪˈɑː-/ noun (plural autobiographies)
a book in which someone writes about their own life, or books of this type → biography► see thesaurus at book
—autobiographical /ˌɔːtəbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl $ ˌɒː-/ adjective
convention
/kənˈvenʃən/ noun
1 [countable] a large formal meeting for people who belong to the same profession or organization or who have the same interests ،نشست،گردهمایی،انجمن
a teachers’ convention
2 [countable] a formal agreement, especially between countries, about particular rules or behaviour SYN pact, treaty مجمع،اجلاس
convention on
the European convention on human rights
3 [countable, uncountable] behaviour and attitudes that most people in a society consider to be normal and right SYN custom رسم،عرف،سنت
by convention طبق رسم
By convention, the bride’s father gives her away at her wedding.
gracious
/ˈɡreɪʃəs/ adjective
1 behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank
Sibyl was the most gracious, helpful, and generous person to work with.
a gracious apology با وقار،باگذشت،بزرگوار،دلسوز،مهربان
2 having the kind of expensive style, comfort, and beauty that only rich people can afford
a magazine about gracious living
3 → gracious (me)!/good gracious!/goodness gracious! رحم ،دلرحم
4 a gracious act by or gift from God is kind and forgiving
5 [only before noun] used as a polite way of describing a royal person
our gracious Queen
—graciously adverb
—graciousness noun
insulate
/ˈɪnsjəleɪt $ ˈɪnsə-, ˈɪnʃə-/ verb [transitive]
1 to cover or protect something with a material that stops electricity, sound, heat etc from getting in or out عايق بندي كردن
insulate something from/against something
Pipes may need insulating against the cold.
2 to keep someone apart from particular experiences or influences, especially unpleasant ones مجزا كردن
insulate somebody from something
The royal family tried to insulate him from the prying eyes of the media.
intrigue
/ɪnˈtriːɡ/ ●○○ verb
1 [transitive] if something intrigues you, it interests you a lot because it seems strange or mysterious شيفته و مسحور كردن،فريفتن
Other people’s houses always intrigued her.
2 [intransitive] formal to make secret plans to harm someone or make them lose their position of power توطئه كردن،دسيسه چيني كردن
intrigue against
While King Richard was abroad, the barons had been intriguing against him.
longevity
/lɒnˈdʒevəti $ lɑːn-, lɒːn-/ noun [uncountable]
1 the amount of time that someone or something lives طول عمر
longevity of
the greater longevity of women compared with men
The worms have a longevity of about two years.
2 long life or the long time that something lasts
The ancient Chinese claimed that garlic promoted longevity.
Misplace
/ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/ verb [transitive]
to lose something for a short time by putting it in the wrong place SYN mislay گم كردن،جا گذاشتن
Oh dear, I seem to have misplaced the letter.
(noun) place placement placing displacement replacement
(adjective) displaced misplaced replaceable (verb) place displace misplace replace
Naughty
/ˈnɔːti $ ˈnɒːti, ˈnɑːti/adjective
1 a naughty child does not obey adults and behaves badly OPP good نافرمان،بدذات،شر،سركش،شيطون
You’re a very naughty boy! Look what you’ve done!
Norm
/nɔːm $ nɔːrm/ noun [countable]
1 the usual or normal situation, way of doing something etc/is a way of behaving that is considered normalin a particular society.معيار،هنجار،ضابطه،قاعده
be/become the norm
Short term contracts are now the norm with some big companies.
overload
/ˌəʊvəˈləʊd $ ˌoʊvərˈloʊd/ verb (past participle overloaded or overladen /-ˈleɪdn/) [transitive]
1 to put too many things or people on or into something زیاد بار کردن،اضافه بار کردن
Be careful not to overload the washing machine.
be/become overloaded with something
The bus was overloaded with tourists and their luggage.
2 to put too much electricity through an electrical system or piece of equipment
Don’t overload the lighting circuit.
3 to give someone too much work or information to deal with
be/become overloaded with something
پر کردن تفنگ هم معنی میده
philanthropy
/fəˈlænθrəpi/ noun [uncountable]
the practice of giving money and help to people who are poor or in trouble خیر،بشر دوستی،نیکوکاری،خیرخواهی،خیرخواهانه
probe
/prəʊb $ proʊb/ verb [intransitive, transitive]
1 to ask questions in order to find things out, especially things that other people do not want you to know ،کاوش،کاوشگر،کاوش کردن،بررسی کردن،تحقیق و تفحص کردن
***probe into
I don’t want to probe too deeply into your personal affairs.
Police probed claims that he had sold drugs.
2 to look for something or examine something, using a long thin object
Jules probed the mud gingerly with a stick.
recipient
/rɪˈsɪpiənt/ noun [countable] formal
someone who receives something
recipient of دریافت کننده،گیرنده
the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
