Lesson 13 Flashcards
Aesthetic
esthetic /iːsˈθetɪk, es- $ es-/ adjective
connected with beauty and the study of beauty
From an esthetic point of view, it’s a nice design.
—aesthetics زيبايي شناسي
—aesthetically /-kli/ adverb
Arrogant
/ˈærəɡənt/ adjective
behaving in an unpleasant or rude way because you think you are more important than other peopleگستاه متكبر خود راي
He was unbearably arrogant.
an arrogant attitude
► see thesaurus at proud
—arrogantly adverb
Bias
/ˈbaɪəs/ noun
1 [singular, uncountable] an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good or bad that influences how you deal with it → discrimination تعصب جهتگيري غرض تمايل يكطرفه
political/gender/racial etc bias
political bias in the press
Students were evaluated without bias.
*bias against/towards/in favour of
It’s clear that the company has a bias against women and minorities.
2 [singular] a natural skill or interest in one type of thing
Lydia has a strong artistic bias.
3 → on the bias
(noun) bias (adjective) biased ≠ unbiased (verb) bias
Canyon
/ˈkænjən/ ●●○ noun [countable]
a deep valley with very steep sides of rock that usually has a river running through it
تنگه،دره باريك و عميق
Creek
/kriːk/ ●○○ noun [countable]
1 American English, AusE a small narrow stream or river
2 British English a long narrow area of water that flows from the sea into the land نهر
Executive
/ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/ noun [countable]
1 a manager in an organization or company who helps make important decisions
a marketing executive
مدير ،مدير عامل
top executives on high salaries
→ Chief Executive
Fatigue
/fəˈtiːɡ/ noun
1 [uncountable] very great tiredness SYN exhaustion خستگي كوفتگي
*with fatigue
Sam’s face was grey with fatigue.
*from fatigue
He’s suffering from physical and mental fatigue.
2 [uncountable] technical a weakness in metal or wood, caused when it is bent or stretched many times, which is likely to make it break فرسودگي فلزات
metal fatigue
3 → fatigues
Incline
/ˈɪnklaɪn/ AWL noun [countable]
a slope
a steep incline
/ɪnˈklaɪn/ AWL verb
1 [transitive] formal if a situation, fact etc inclines you to do or think something, it influences you towards a particular action or opinion
incline somebody to do something
The accident inclined him to reconsider his career.
2 [intransitive] formal to think that a particular belief or opinion is most likely to be correct
incline to do something تمايل به چيزي داشتن
I incline to accept the official version of events.
*incline to/towards
I incline to the opinion that this principle extends to cases of religious discrimination.
3 [intransitive, transitive] to slope at a particular angle, or to make something do this
The telescope is inclined at an angle of 43 degrees.
4 → incline your head شيب دادن
Nasty
/ˈnɑːsti $ ˈnæsti/ ●●● S2 adjective (comparative nastier, superlative nastiest)
1 BEHAVIOUR nasty behaviour or remarks are extremely unkind and unpleasant زشت و زننده و نامطبوع
Unkind
Perceive
/pəˈsiːv $ pər-/ verb [transitive]
1 written to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way → perception درك كردن،دريافتن
*perceive something/somebody as something
Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.
*perceive something/somebody to be something
Often what is perceived to be aggression is simply fear.
Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to be failures.
2 formal to notice, see, or recognize something → perceptive
Cats are not able to perceive colour.
perceive that
► see thesaurus at notice
(noun) perception perceptiveness
(adjective) perceptible ≠ imperceptible perceptive
(verb) perceive
(adverb) perceptibly ≠ imperceptibly perceptively
Primate
/ˈpraɪmeɪt/ noun [countable]
a member of the group of animals that includes humans and monkeys and apes
Primitive
ˈprɪmətɪv/ adjective
1 WAY OF LIFE belonging to a simple way of life that existed in the past and does not have modern industries and machines OPP advanced, modern ابتدايي اوليه قديم پيشين نخستيني
a primitive society
primitive art
2 NOT MODERN very simple and does not have the extra modern parts OPP advanced, modern
Conditions at the camp are very primitive.
3 ANIMALS/PLANTS a primitive animal or plant has a simple structure or body انسان اوليه
primitive life-forms that live deep in the ocean
a primitive single-celled creature
4 FEELINGS primitive feelings are not based on reason, and seem to come from a part of people’s character that is ancient and animal-like
the primitive instinct of survival غريزه
primitive desires
—primitively adverb
—primitiveness noun [uncountable]
Stereotype
/ˈsteriətaɪp, ˈstɪər- $ ˈster-, ˈstɪr-/ ●●○ noun [countable]
a belief or idea of what a particular type of person or thing is like. Stereotypes are often unfair or untrue نمونه كامل چيزي،كليشه,تفكر قالبي
racial/sexual/cultural etc stereotype
racist stereotypes in the media
stereotype of
women who don’t fit the stereotype of the good mother
stereotype about
stereotypes about the elderly
—stereotypical /ˌsteriəˈtɪpɪkəl, ˌstɪər- $ ˌster-, ˌstɪr-/ adjective
the stereotypical Californian – tall, fit, and tanned
—stereotypically /-kli/ adverb
Sticky
/ˈstɪki/ adjective (comparative stickier, superlative stickiest)
1 made of or covered with a substance that sticks to surfaces چسبناك،چسبيده،
There’s some sticky stuff in your hair.
a sticky floor
sticky tape/label
2 weather that is sticky makes you feel uncomfortably hot, wet, and dirty SYN humid
It was hot and sticky and there was nowhere to sit.شرجي،گرم و مرطوب
3 a sticky situation, question, or problem is difficult or dangerous دشوار خطير
a sticky political issue
Termite
/ˈtɜːmaɪt $ ˈtɜːr-/ noun [countable]
an insect that eats and destroys wood from trees and buildings موريانه
