LESSON 14

Question 1

Colonization of the stone by plants and micro-
organisms such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi and lichen
(symbioses of the latter three).

Answer 1

biological colonization

Question 2

also includes influences by other organisms such as animals nesting on and in stone.

Answer 2

biological colonization

Question 3

are microscopic vegetal organisms without stem nor leaves which can be seen outdoors and indoors, as powdery or viscous deposits (thickness : tenth of mm to several mm).

Answer 3

algae

Question 4

Vegetal organism forming rounded millimetric to centimetric
crusty or bushy patches, often having a leathery appearance, growing generally on outside parts of a building.

Answer 4

lichen

Question 5

are most commonly grey,
yellow, orange, green or black and show no differentiation into stem,
root and leaf.

Answer 5

lichen

Question 6

is composed of a thallus, eventually bearing fruiting bodies,
generally developed on the stone surface, and rhizines that may penetrate deep into the stone (tens to several millimeters).

Answer 6

lichen

Question 7

lichen sub types:

Answer 7

• crustose
• folious
• epilithic

Question 8

Vegetal organism forming small, soft and green cushions of centimetric size.

Answer 8

moss

Question 9

Microscopic fungus which colonies, to the naked eye, look like a
downy film or a network or star-like millimetric patches of filaments of
diverse colours (white, grey, black).

Answer 9

mold

Question 10

Vegetal living being, having, when complete, root, stem, and leaves,
though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion (e.g. Tree,
fern, herb).

Answer 10

plants