Lesson 13 - Endocrine System Review Flashcards
What does the endocrine system involve
Hormones
The 3 main roles of hormones
- Growth and Development
- Homeostasis
- Reproduction
Where do Hormones Come From?
- Endocrine glands and nerves
- Target organs that produce secondary function
- Nerves
Neurohormones
Neurotransmitters are released directly into the bloodstream (by nerves)
Neurotransmitters
- Chemical messengers released by neurons that transmit signals to adjacent cells
- act as synapses for the junctions between nerve cells and their target cells (neurons, muscle cells or gland cells)
How do neurohormones work?
Neurotransmitters that release into the bloodstream by neurons, then travel to cells or glands to exert their effects
What are the benefits of neurohormnones
Act broadly on the body, effecting the function of endocrine glands and the release of hormones
What does the Posterior Pituitary release?
Hormones made in the hypothalamus
- oxytocin: love hormone
- anti diuretic hormone (ADH): Retention of fluid by the kidneys
Is the Posterior Pituitary an endocrine gland?
No, it is a collection of nerve endings that release hormones but not synthesize them
What does the anterior pituitary release?
Many hormones
Is the anterior pituitary an endocrine gland?
Yes
Low Oxytocin Levels
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Stress
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
High Oxytocin Level Example - Breastfeeding
- to initiate milk ejection
- calms mother
- sensations of love and bonding
ADH Example (Vasopressin)
- Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
- ADH is released in response to blood loss, dehydration, heart failure
Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion Process
Hypothalamus —> Anterior pituitary —> Secondary organs/tissues
- Positive effect - promotes release
- Negative effect- inhibits release)
Growth hormones
Hypothalamus (GHRH)—> Anterior pituitary —> (GH) Liver, Bone, Muscle, Adipose Tissue
- breaks down fats and doesn’t promote muscle building
Hormone Modifying Drugs can
Can enhance athletic performance
Hormones banned at all times
- Anabolic Androgenic steroids
- Peptide hormones, growth factors and related substances
- Hormones Antagonists and Modulators
Drugs Prohibited In-Competition
- Stimulants
- Naroctics
- Cannabinoids
- Glucocovrticosteroids
Harmful effects of anabolic steroid use examples
- behaviour changes
- cancers and diseases
- acne
- susceptible to heart attacks
Why are anabolic Steroids Harmful
- The effective dose is supraphysiological
- Dose of the hormone/hormone agonist is generally NOT timed to properly mimic natural hormone production (disrupts rhythms)
