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BIO1080 - Second Half of The Semester > Lecture 17 - The Caridac Cycle > Flashcards

Lecture 17 - The Caridac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiac Cycle

A
  • Contraction of atria
  • Followed by contraction of ventricles
  • Followed by a rest when neither chamber is contracting
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2
Q

contraction

A

Systole - BP: 120/80

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3
Q

Relaxation

A

Diastole - BP: 120/80

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4
Q

Pre Load

A

Initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction

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5
Q

After load

A

Diastolic Arterial Pressure - the pressure the heart must work against to eject blood during systole

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6
Q

Nodes

A
  • SA (Sinoatrial Node): Heart’s natural peacemaker where electrical impulses are generated
  • AV (atrioventricular) node
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7
Q

Nerves

A
  • bundle of His
  • Bundle of branches
  • Purkinge fibres
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8
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Gap junctions
- cardiac myocytes connected by intercalated discs to work together as a single function organ

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9
Q

Arrhythmia

A

irregular heart rate or rythm

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10
Q

Abnormal SA note firing

A

Can result in tachycardia and bradycardia

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11
Q

Blocks

A
  • Slow down or prevent signal propagation from atria to ventricles
  • ventricles can contract independently
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12
Q

Arterial Fibrillation (A-Fib)

A

Quivering or Irregular Heartbeat

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13
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)

A

The most serious cardiac rhythm disturbance
- loss of consciousness or death

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14
Q

Neural and Endocrine Signals Control Strength and Rate of Heart Contractions

A
  • Sympathetic innervation (norepinephrine): increases heart rate
  • Parasympathetic innervation (acetylcholine): Increases heart rate
  • Epinephrine: Increases the strength of each contraction
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15
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Sign of being “overworked”
- the heart muscle will respond just like when you’re weight-lifting

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16
Q

LV Chamber - Endurance athletes

A

Increase as they need to increase cardiac output

17
Q

LV Chamber - Weightlifters

A

Increased LV wall and septum thickness to accompany for overcome the pressure difference when they hold their breath during lifts

18
Q

Enlargement of the Heart - Bad

A

Causes include high blood pressure and narrowing of aortic valve the heart must work harder

19
Q

Enlargement of the heart - good

A

Athlete’s Heart

20
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • Narrowinf of arteries due to the calcifies fatty deposits and thickening of the wall
  • triggered by damage to the arterial wall
  • can lead to heart attack or stroke
21
Q

Atherosclerosis - factors

A
  • Elevates blood lipids
  • Hypertension
  • inflammatory mediators
  • diet
  • smoking, physical inactivity, obesity/diabetes
  • age, genetics
22
Q

Treating Coronary Artery Blockages

A
  • Angioplasty
  • Bypass Surgery (saphenous vein is used)
23
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

Maximum pressure when the ventricles contract and send blood to the artieries

24
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

Minimum pressure when the heart relaxes between beats (not zero due to elastic recoils of arterial walls)

25
Q

Normal Blood Pressure

A

Systole: Less than 120
Diastole: Less than 80

26
Q

Elevated Blood Pressure

A

Systole: 120 - 129
Diastole: Less than 80

27
Q

high blood pressure- hypertension stage 1

A

Systole: 130 - 139
Diastole: 80 - 90

28
Q

High blood pressure - hypertension stage 2

A

Systole: 140 or higher
Diastole: 90 or higher

29
Q

hypertensive crisis

A

Systole: Higher than 180
Diastole: Higher than 120

30
Q

Vasoconstruction

A
  • Alpha-receptors are located on arteries
  • Norepinephrine and epinephrine bind to a2 adrenergic receptors
  • increases blood pressure
  • ex. During exercise
31
Q

Vasodilation

A
  • Norepinephrine and epenipherine bind to b2 adrenergic rectors found in arteries of skeletal muscle
  • this dialates vessels of the skeletal muscles so they can receive increased blood flow
  • during exercise (more blood, more oxygen, more fuel)
32
Q

Does Blood Pressure Increase during Aerobic Exercise

A

No
- distribution of blood flow doesn’t not increase proportionally (to working muscles)
- Dilation: vessels to skeletal muscle and heart increases blood flow to muscles
- Constriction: vessels to the gut and kidneys decreases blood flow to these organ

33
Q

Does Blood Pressure increase during resistance exercise?

A

Yes
- Holding your breath: increases intra thoracic pressure during the lift
- Temporarily raises blood pressure and slows heart rate

BIO1080 - Second Half of The Semester (7 decks)

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