Lecture 20 And 21 - The Enery Distribution System Flashcards
1
Q
The Energy Distribution System
A
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work
2
Q
ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
A
The medium of energy exchange - energy currency of the cell
3
Q
Reducing Equivalents
A
Glycolysis, beta oxidation and Kreb’s Cylce produce NADH and FADH2 (supply protons and electrons to the ETC)
4
Q
Anaerobic ATP Production
A
- Phosphocreatine degradation
- Glycolysis (end product is lactate in anaerobic conditions)
- inefficient but fast
- ATP is rebuild by adding a phosphate to ADP
5
Q
Fat
A
most energy is stored as triglycerides in our adipocytes (fat cells in adipose tissue)
6
Q
Carbohydrate Stored as:
A
- Liver: Glycogen (overnight)
- Muscle: Glycogen (during exercise)
7
Q
Protein
A
- large potential energy source
- used during starvation or caloric restriction
8
Q
Pro of Carbohydrates
A
- Aerobically can generate ATP slightly faster than from fat
- Can also generate ATP anaerobically (3x faster)
- good for long exercise (storing glucose for later so skeletal muscle isn’t used)
9
Q
Con of carbohydrate
A
Holds a lot of water
10
Q
Pro of Fat
A
- doesn’t hold water, twice as energy dense as carbohydrate
- represents our most abundant energy reserve
11
Q
Cons of Fat
A
Can’t provide energy anaerobically
12
Q
Absorptive State
A
- first 3-4 hours after a meal
- energy (macronutrients) are stored (anabolism)
- excess calories in the form of glucose or amino acids can get converted to fat
13
Q
Post absorptive state
A
- fasting
- stored macronutrients are mobilized for energy (catabolism - break down of macronutrients)
- glucose is spared for nervous system
14
Q
Gluconeogenesis
A
Making glucose from non-carbohydrates precursors
15
Q
Normal Fasting Blood Glucose
A
4 - 5.5 mM
