Lesson 12:Etiquettes of Differing Between the Companions Flashcards
Etiquette of the companions with each and the statement of Shaykh al Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (728 AH) on Abu Bakr and ‘Umar
- They had brotherhood, and loved their brothers
- They exerted a great amount of effort in staying away from disunity
- Their disagreements didn’t lead to disunity, it didn’t get in the way of their brotherhood.
- They always gave excuses and mercy for their brothers
This was all because they made their life centered around the evidence, and they gave precedence to the truth.
We will and are going to disagree on issues, giving precedence to the truth is the backbone of it, and while doing so we must observe good manners.
- They didn’t impose their opinions on others when there were valid differences of opinion. And this was something they learnt from the messenger ﷺ such as the story of ‘Umar and Hisham with the recitation of the Quran. The prophet taught them a lesson here.
Statement of Shaykh al Islam Ibn Taymiyyah
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> **وَلَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ سَيِّدَا الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَتَنَازَعَانِ فِي أَشْيَاءَ لَا يَقْصِدَانِ إِلَّا الْخَيْرَ**
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> *“And indeed, Abu Bakr (13 AH) and Umar (23 AH), the leaders of the Muslims, used to dispute over certain matters, aiming only for the good.”*
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> -Majmu al Fatawa 24th volume page 173
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Even Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, the same people who the messenger **ﷺ** said to follow, differed.
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Books that talk/mention about the Fuqaha from the Sahaba
- الإحكام في أصول الأحكام
أبو محمد علي بن أحمد بن سعيد بن حزم
- مقدمة ابن خلدون
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إعلام الموقعين
ابن قيم -
الاجتهاد بالرأي في عصر الخلافة
السنوسي
discuss this
Were all the Companions from the people of Ijtihad, what were the Companions who could do Ijtihad and give Fatwa called, how many were they, were did most of them reside, after the companions, what were the names of the Fuqaha?
- Not all of the Sahaba were from the people Ijtihad, and fatwa. It was specific to those who stuck with the messenger ﷺ. These Sahaba were termed as the Qurra (those who had knowledge of the religion, abrogated, etc.)
- They were called Qurra as very few had been able to read (look at the mushaf directly) and memorize the Quran, the arabs were generally illiterate.
- When Islam spread, and literacy increased, and Fiqh was complete, the term Qurra was replaced with the ‘Ulamah. Qurra then became specific to the one who knew the Quran.
- Fuqaha, Ulamah were/are synonyms.
- The number of scholars who were from the people of Ijtihad reached 130 something. They could give Fatwa, decide on severe matters.
- The Majority of the Fuqaha of the Sahaba remained in Medina
Who Were The Companions who gave a lot of Fatawa | المُكْثِرُونَمِنَالفُتْيَا
- Umar (23 AH)
- Ali (40H)
- Ibn Mas’ud (32H)
- A’isha (58H)
- Ibn Abbas (68H)
- Ibn Umar (83H)
- Zayd ibn Thabit (45H)
Who Were The Companions Who Gave a Fair Amount | المُوَسَّطُونَمِنَالصَّحَابِفِيالفُتْيَا
- Abu Bakr (13 AH)
- Umm Salamah (61H)
- Anas ibn Malik (93H)
- Abu Sa’id Al Khufri (74H)
- Abu Hurayrah (59H)
- Uthmān ibn Affan (35H)
- Abdullah Amr ibn al-As (63H)
- Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr (83H)
- Abu Musa al-Ash’ari (44H)
- Sa’d ibn al Waqqas (55H)
- Salman Al Farisi (33 AH)
- Jabir ibn Abdullah (78H)
- Mu’adh ibn Jabal (18H)
- Talha ibn Ubaydullah (36H)
- Zubayr ibn al Awwam (36H)
- Abdur-Rahman ibn al Awf (32H)
- Imran Al Husayn (52H)
- Abu Bakr Al Thaqafi (51H)
- Ubadah ibn as-Samit (34H)
- Mu’awiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan (60H)
Who Were The Companions That gave a few Fatawa (and are still considered from the people of Fatwa) | المُقِلُّون
- Abu Mas’ud Al Ansari (40 AH)
- Abu Ayyub Al Ansari (52 AH)
- Abu Dharr Al Ghifari (32H)
- Abu Barzatal Aslami (60H or 64H)
- Asma bint Abi Bakr (83H)
- An Nu’man ibn al Bashir (65H)
- Ammar Ibn Yasir (37H)
What were the cities/Lands the companions gave Fatawa in?
- Medinah
- Basrah
- Ash-Sham
- Kufa
- Makkah
- Egypt
Who were the companions who gave Fatwa in: Medina
Medinah
- Abu Bakr (13 AH)
- Umar (23 AH)
- Ubay ibn al-Ka’b (30 AH)
- A’isha (57 AH)
- Ali (45 AH) (Went Kufa after he assumed the leadership and became the Khalifa)
- Uthman (35 AH)
- Zayd ibn Thabit (45 AH)
- Ibn Umar (83 AH)
Who were the companions who gave Fatwa in: Basra
Basrah
- Abu Musa Al Ash’ari (42,43,44,52,53 AH) (He was the governor of Basra during Umar’s caliphate, then Kufa during Uthman’s time)
- Imran ibn Husayn (52 AH)
- Anas ibn Malik (93H)
Who were the companions who gave Fatwa in: Ash-Shām
- Mu’adh ibn al-Jabal (18 AH)
- Ubadah ibn as Samit (34 AH)
- Abu Dardah (32H)
Who were the companions who gave Fatwa in: Kufa
- Ammar Ibn Yasir (37 AH)
- Ibn Mas’ud (32 AH), and he was the مقدّم (at the forefront, hanafis trace back to him)
Who was the companions who gave Fatwa in: Mecca
Ibn Abbas (68 AH)
Who were the companions who gave Fatwa in: Egypt
Amr ibn Al As (43H) and his son Abdullah (65 AH)
