Lesson 10.1 Vocabulary

Question 1

absolute strength

Answer 1

strength measured by how much weight or resistance you can overcome regardless of your body size

Question 2

calisthenics

Answer 2

exercises done using all or part of the body weight as resistance

Question 3

concentric

Answer 3

a shortening isotonic muscle contraction

Question 4

dynamometer

Answer 4

device that measures the amount of force produced by a muscle or group of muscles

Question 5

eccentric

Answer 5

a lengthening isotonic muscle contraction

Question 6

fast-twitch muscle fiber

Answer 6

fiber that contracts quickly, is white because it receives less blood flow delivering oxygen, and generates more force than slow-twitch muscle fiber when it contracts (thus, muscles with many fast-twitch fibers are important for strength activities)

Question 7

hypertrophy

Answer 7

increase in muscle fiber size

Question 8

intermediate muscle fiber

Answer 8

fiber with characteristics of both slow- and fast-twitch fibers

Question 9

isokinetic exercise

Answer 9

type of isotonic exercise in which movement velocity is kept constant through the full range of motion

Question 10

isometric contraction

Answer 10

contraction in which muscles exert force but do not cause movement at a joint

Question 11

isometric exercise

Answer 11

exercise involving isometric contractions in which body parts do not move

Question 12

isotonic contraction

Answer 12

muscle contraction that pulls on bone and produces movement of a body part

Question 13

isotonic exercise

Answer 13

exercise involving isotonic contractions in which body parts move

Question 14

1-repetition maximum (1RM)

Answer 14

test of muscle strength in which you determine how much weight you can lift (or how much resistance you can overcome) in one repetition

Question 15

plyometrics

Answer 15

type of training designed to increase athletic performance using jumping, hopping, and other exercises to cause lengthening of a muscle followed by a shortening contraction

Question 16

principle of rest and recovery

Answer 16

principle stating that you need to give your muscles time to rest and recover after a workout

Question 17

progressive resistance exercise (PRE)

Answer 17

exercise that increases resistance (overload) until you have the amount of muscle fitness you want; also called progressive resistance training (PRT)

Question 18

relative strength

Answer 18

strength adjusted for your body size

Question 19

reps

Answer 19

short for repetitions (the number of consecutive times you do an exercise)

Question 20

set

Answer 20

one group of repetitions

Question 21

slow-twitch muscle fiber

Answer 21

muscle fiber that contracts at a slow rate, is usually red because it has a lot of blood vessels delivering oxygen, and generates less force than fast- twitch muscle fiber but is able to resist fatigue