Lesson 10 - misleading information and EWT

Question 1

what is eyewitness testimony

Answer 1

evidence supplied to a court by people who have seen a crime, based on their memory of the incident

Question 2

what is are leading questions

Answer 2

questions phrased in such a way to encourage a witness to give a certain answer

Question 3

procedure of loftus and palmer

Answer 3

showed 45 american students a film of a car crash
estimate speed that the cars were travelling when they crashed
different verbs used depending on condition

Question 4

what were the 5 verbs for loftus and palmers study

Answer 4

contacted
hit
bumped
collided
smashed

Question 5

loftus and palmer findings

Answer 5

contacted - 31mph
smashed - 41mph
a week later, pps were asked if they saw any broken glass, 32% said yes from smashed and 12% from contacted said yes

Question 6

evaluation of leading questions

Answer 6

(+) lab experiment, highly controlled, reduced chance of extraneous variables, increased validity, can be replicated, study is reliable
(-) lacks ecological validity - pps watched a video, different for those who have witness a real incident
(-) lacks population validity - 45 american students, less experienced drivers may be less competent at estimating speeds, can’t generalise to other populations

Question 7

what is post event discussion

Answer 7

the memory of an event can be contaminated through discussing events with others
memory contamination - others memory distorts your own
memory conformity - use others memory due to ISI or desire for social approval

Question 8

gabbert et al procedure

Answer 8

put pps in pairs and had to watch a different video of the same event (each had unique details)
condition 1 - discuss what they had seen
condition 2 - don’t discuss what they had seen

Question 9

gabbert et al findings

Answer 9

71% who had discussed mistakenly recalled details that they hadn’t seen but what they learnt during discussion

Question 10

evaluation of post event discussion

Answer 10

(+) population validity - 2 different populations, students and older adults, no significant differences
(-) lacks ecological validity - pps knew they were in an experiment, more likely to play close attention to details, results do not reflect real life