Lesson 10: Hematology Flashcards
Scientific study of blood and its components
Hematology
3 Types of Phlebotomy
- Skin Puncture = Capillaries
- Venipuncture = Veins
- Arterial Puncture = Arteries
Steps For Phlebotomy
1.) Withdraw blood and place in tube
2.) Centrifuge the blood sample
3.) Formed Elements
- Plasma
- Buffy Coat
- Erythrocytes
It transports RBC, WBC and platelets through the blood vessel. It also remove waste products of metabolism
Plasma
55% of a normal human’s blood colume
Plasma
Anucleated biconcave cells produced from the bone marrow. It transports oxygen. (lungs -> tissue)
Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte)
Gas transporting protein molecule
Hemoglobin
Conditions For RBC:
- Low number of RBC
- High number of RBC
- Anemia
- Polycythemia
Nucleated cells that lacks hemoglobin. Acts as defense against infection.
White Blood Cells (Leukocyte)
Increased Number of Leukocyte
Leukocytosis
Decreased number of Leukocyte
Leukopenia
Type of White Blood Cell:
- most numerus
- multi-lobed nucleus
- Pale lilac granules
- Function: Immune defense
Neutrophil
Type of White Blood Cell:
- Spherical nucleus
- “robin’s egg blue” cytoplasm
Lymphocyte
Types of Lymphocyte
1.) T-cell - cellular immune response
2.) B-cell - antibody production
3.) NK cells - kills cancer cells
Type of White Blood Cell:
- Usually with bilobed nucleus
- Granules stain bright reddish-orange
Eosinophil
Function of Eosinophil
- Defense against parasite
- Activate Allergic response
Type of White Blood Cell:
Function:
- Inflammatory response
- Involved in allergic response
Basophil
Type of White Blood Cell:
-kidney shaped or horse shoe shaped nucleus
Monocyte
Types of Monocyte:
1.) Dendrite Cell: marks out cells that are antigens
2.) Macrophages: act as antigen-presenting cells
- cell fragments
- Function: form clots during injury to prevent blood from leaking out
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Increased number of platelets
Thrombocytosis
Decrease number of platelets
Thrombocytopenia
Complete Blood Count
- hemoglobin
- hematocrit
- red blood cell count
- White blood cell count
- Platelet count/estimate
- rbc indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)
iron-containing oxygen transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells
Hemoglobin
3 Types of Method for Hemoglobin Determination
1.) Cyanmethemoglobin Method
2.) Automated Hemoglobinometry
3.) Point-of-care (POC) Hemoglobin Assay
What is the reagent used under the cyanmethemoglobin method
Drabkin’s Reagent
Principle of cyanmethemoglobin
oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric by potassium ferricyanide = methemoglobin
What method is used to utilize cyanmethemoglobin method with modified Drabkin’s reagent
Automated Hemoglobinometry
Reagent use for the POC hemoglobin Assay
- Sodium deoxycholate
- Sodium nitrite
- sodium azide
It is also known as packed cell volume or erythrocyte volume fraction
Hematocrit Determination
Methods for Hematocrit Determination
a.) Spun microhematocrit
b.) Automated
Which method is used for manual procedure, its blood collection is skin puncture and uses a microhematocrit centrifuge.
Spun microhematocrit
Which method is computed from the mean cell volume and the red cell count
Automated
Electrical Impedance is also known as
Coulter Principle
Its a Hydrodynamic focusing method
optical detection
