Lesson 10: Configuring IPv5 and IPv6 Addressing

Question 1

Length of IPv4 in bits

Answer 1

32 bits

Question 2

Subnet mask

Answer 2

a second 32 bit value of 1 and zeros used to determine’s which bits in an IP address refer to the host and which refer to the network

Question 3

Class A Network: First octet

Answer 3

0 - 127

Question 4

Class B Network: First octet

Answer 4

128 - 191

Question 5

Class C Network: First octet

Answer 5

192 - 223

Question 6

Class A Network: Number of networks, number of hosts per network

Answer 6

Networks: 125
Hosts: > 16 million

Question 7

Class B Network: Number of networks, number of hosts per network

Answer 7

Networks: > 16,000
Hosts: > 65,000

Question 8

Class C Network: Number of networks, number of hosts per network

Answer 8

Networks: > 2 million
Hosts: 254

Question 9

CIDR

Answer 9

Classless inter-domain routing.

Allows for subnet mask that are of any acceptable value, dividing the host and network portions of the IP at any number

Question 10

ICANN

Answer 10

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Question 11

RIR

Answer 11

Regional Internet Registries – Assigned blocks of IPs by region.

Question 12

Class A private netowork block

Answer 12

10.0.0.0/8

Question 13

Class B Private network blcok

Answer 13

172.16.0.0/12

Question 14

Class C Private network block

Answer 14

192.168.0.0/16

Question 15

NAT

Answer 15

Network Address Translation

NAT routers modifies IP packets to change IP address of sender to its own public address with an identifying port

Question 16

Proxy server versus NAT

Answer 16

Proxy servers function at the application layer, forwarding traffic to specific destinations.

NAT functions at the network layer

Question 17

Functions of a proxy server not necessarily provided by a NAT router

Answer 17

Filtering
Logging
Caching
Scanning

Question 18

Superneting

Answer 18

Combing contiguous networks that all contain a common CIDR prefix into one network address with one CIDR prefix, for replacing multiple entries in the routing table with just one.

Question 19

3 ways to assign an IPv4 address

Answer 19

DHCP
APIPA
Manual config

Question 20

APIPA IP block

Answer 20

169.254.0.0/16

Question 21

How does a PC performing APIPA assignment know its selected IP is not in use by anyone but it?

Answer 21

Does an ARP request

Question 22

Length of IPv6

Answer 22

128 bits

Question 23

Number of IPv6 addresses available per square meter of the earth (for fun)

Answer 23

54 million

Question 24

Notation of IPv6

Answer 24

Colon-hexadecimal format - eight 16-bit hex numbers, separated by colons.

XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
Each X = 8 bits (1 byte) represented by two hex characters

Question 25

When can you replace a IPv6 block with ::

Answer 25

When there are two consecutive blocks with all zeros, you can replace those blocks with :: You can only do this once per IP though

Question 26

When can you remove zeros in an IPv6 address?

Answer 26

When a block has leading zeros, you can remove them.

Question 27

What do IPv4 addresses have that IPv6 addresses do not?

Answer 27

Subnet masks.

Question 28

In IPv6, network se use what to identify the bits of an IPv6 address that are the network address.

Answer 28

We still use CIDR notation.

Question 29

Unlike IPv4, there are no _____ addresses in IPv6

Answer 29

Broadcast addresses

Question 30

Three address types in IPv6

Answer 30

Unicast Multicast Anycast

Question 31

Unicast address

Answer 31

one-to-one transmission to / between individual interfaces.

Question 32

Name three types of unicast addresses

Answer 32

Global Link-Local Unique Local

Question 33

Format Prefix

Answer 33

A sequence of bits that IDs the type of unicast. Each unicast address has an FP.

Question 34

Multicast

Answer 34

One-to-many transmissions to groups of interfaces identified by the multicast address

Question 35

Anycast

Answer 35

Transmission sent from one device to one-of-many -- whichever device is closest, as determined by the number of intermediate routers.

Question 36

Global unicast address

Answer 36

The equivalent of a registered (public) IPv4 address. Routable on the Internet

Question 37

FP of a global unicast address

Answer 37

001

Question 38

TLA

Answer 38

Top Level Aggregator. 13-bit globally unique ID allocated to regional internet registries by the IANA

Question 39

NLA

Answer 39

Next Level Aggregator. 24-bit field that a TLA uses to create multilevel hierarchy for allocating address blocks to its customers

Question 40

SLA

Answer 40

Site Level Aggregator. 16-bit field that organizations use to create internal hierarchy of sites or subnets

Question 41

EUI-64

Answer 41

64-bit field derived from the network interface's MAC addresses, ID-ing a specific interface on the network.

Question 42

Fields that make up a global unicast address (pre-2003)

Answer 42

``` FP prefix (3 bits) TLA (13 bits) Unused, Reserved (8bits) NLA (24 bits) SLA (24 bits) EUI-64 (64 bits0 ```

Question 43

Fields that make up a global unicast address (2003+)

Answer 43

``` Global routing prefix (48 bit, starting with the FP) Subnet ID (16 bit. Formerly known as SLA) Interface ID (64 bit) ```

Question 44

3 options to subnet an IPv6 address at the subnet ID level

Answer 44

One-level (no subnetting. subnet IDs are all 0) Two-level (same as traditional IPv4 subnets) Multi-level (As cool as it sounds)

Question 45

For privacy reasons, sometimes the interface ID is not the MAC address but ___

Answer 45

A random address. Windows does not use the MAC address by default to address privacy concerns

Question 46

Link-local unicast address

Answer 46

Like An APIPA address for IPv4.

Question 47

Network portion of all link local addresses

Answer 47

fe80:0000:0000:0000/64

Question 48

Unique local unicast address

Answer 48

The IPv6 equivalent to IPv4 private addresses not routable on the Internet. (Class A, B, C private addresses)

Question 49

Fields that make up a unique local address

Answer 49

``` Global routing prefix that starts with an FP of fd00. The rest are random. (48 bits) Subnet ID (16 bits) Interface ID (64 bits) ```

Question 50

The binary and hex value of the FP for a multicast address

Answer 50

11111111 | ff

Question 51

Multicast address format

Answer 51

FP (8 bits) -- IDs the address as a multicast Flags (4bits) - Specifies properties of a multicast address Scope (4 bit) - How widely routers can forward the address Group ID (122 bits) Unique ID of the multicast group

Question 52

What are the scope options of a multicast address?

Answer 52

``` Interface Local Link Local Site Local Organization Local Global ```

Question 53

What is the function of an anycast address

Answer 53

Identify routers within a given address scope and send traffic to the nearest router as determined by local routing protocols

Question 54

Version of DHCP for IPv6

Answer 54

DHCPv6

Question 55

3 ways to assign an IPv6 address

Answer 55

Manual Allocation Self-Allocation (Like APIPA) Dynamic Allocation (DHCPv6)

Question 56

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

Answer 56

Process started on Windows boot that assigns each interface a link-local unicast address

Question 57

Tunneling

Answer 57

Process by which a system encapsulates an IPv6 datagram within an IPv4 packet. Allows for running IPv6 in IPv4 environments

Question 58

6to4

Answer 58

Allows for formating IPv4 addresses in IPv6 addresses

Question 59

ISATAP

Answer 59

Intra-site automatic tunnel addressing protocol - automatic tunneling protocol used by Windows workstations. Emulates IPv6 link using an IPv4 network