lesson 10 Flashcards
Corrections refers to
the “wide range of policies, programs, and structures that are delivered by governments, non-profit agencies and organizations, and members of the public to punish, treat, and supervise … persons convicted of criminal offences” (Griffiths, 2013, p. 3).
Griffiths (2013) has argued that major correctional changes have typically involved shifts in
(1) forms of punishment, (2) explanations of criminality, (3) structural arrangements for the management and supervision of offenders, and (4) the number or proportion of offenders.
center idea of the Reform Era
Offenders as flawed individuals
Implications for Correctional Practice: Reform Era
- Authoritarian, Paternalistic
- Emphasis on dictating lifestyle and moral viewpoint on offenders
Pennsylvania Model
where inmates were kept separate from one another.
Auburn Model
a correctional system that allowed inmates to interact with another during the day while holding them in individual cells at night.
Concerns with the treatment of inmates at Kingston _____________. Penitentiary led to the in 1848 that examined conditions in the facility
Brown Commission in
Rehabilitation Era
was influenced by the growth of psychology as a discipline.
The Rehabilitation Era of criminal behaviour was rooted in a ____ that saw criminal behaviour as the result of ______ or _____ mental processes.
- medical model
2. diseased or dysfunctional
The Rehabilitation Era Central idea
- medical model
- deviant or criminal behaviours are the product of diseased mental processes
The Rehabilitation Era implications for correctional practice
-therapy, vocational training, education
The Reintegration Era central idea
-access to society gave one a stake in society’s rules, and alienation from social benefits meant one had no reason to obey rules.
The Reintegration Era implications for correctional practice
Focus on strengthening offender’s social skills, especially those related to employment
two-year rule
refers to the split in correctional jurisdictions where offenders sentenced to two years or longer fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government while offenders sentenced to two years less a day fall under the responsibility of provincial or territorial governments.
Detention centres, or jails, are
the entry point into the Canadian correctional system that house offenders on remand (i.e., awaiting trial or sentencing), offenders sentenced to 60 days or less, or offenders awaiting transfer to a federal or provincial correctional facility.
Treatment centres are
correctional institutions that provide specilzied and intensive treatment for specific offender groups (e.g., sex offenders, offenders with substance abuse problems
static security
refers to fixed security apparatus, such as security towers or security checkpoint
dynamic security
refers to the approaches to ongoing interactions between staff and inmates adopted by institutions.
Griffiths notes that correctional facilities
are total institutions – highly-structured organizations that control and manage all aspects of daily life – that pursue conflicting goals.
administrative segregation
as “a legislative measure to ensure the safety of staff, visitors, and inmates and to maintain security” (nd).
Inmates are placed in segregation when they
(1) present a threat to the safety of the institution or an individual, (2) interfere with an investigation, or (3) are at risk.
classification refers to
to the “process by which inmates care is categorized through the use of various assessment instruments to determine the appropriate security level of the inmates”
