Chapter 3

Question 1

3 major crime data sources

Answer 1

1) official crime rates
2) the crime rates
3) victimization surveys

Question 2

Canadian centre for justice statistics (CCJS)

Answer 2

• collected crime since 1962
• uniform crime reports
• crime security index

Question 3

Uniform crime reports (UCR)

Answer 3

surveys the incidence of crime, which refers to the # or crimes reported to police during a given period of time

Question 4

crime severity index (CSI)

Answer 4

is a measure of the severity of crime that is calculated by measuring the number of crimes reported to police relative to the seriousness of those crimes that are reported

Question 5

crime rate

Answer 5

the ratio of the number of incidents of crime reported to police in a population expressed per 100,000

Question 6

3 limitations of the UCR

Answer 6

1. dark figure of crime
2. seriousness rule
3. differences across police practices

Question 7

dark figures of crime

Answer 7

the difference between how much crime occurs and how much crime is reported to or discovered by police

Question 8

seriousness rule

Answer 8

refers to the practice of classifying or recording police- reported crimes according to which of the several offences is the most serious

Question 9

difference across police practices

Answer 9

some departments may place a greater emphasis on diversion w young offenders than other services

Question 10

backwards law

Answer 10

reporting wherein the focus is an events that occur less frequently, a man-bites dog criterion for news worthiness

Question 11

victimization survey

Answer 11

a self-survey that asks responders whether they have been victimized during a given time period and whether they reported it to police (conducted every 5 years)

Question 12

general social survey

Answer 12

administered and collected by statistics Canada every 5 years

Question 13

response bias

Answer 13

refers to potential biases that may influence who reports particular info or what info is reported by an individual

Question 14

Crime trends

Answer 14

1. the police-reported crime rate has declined to its lowest level since 1972
2. the crime severity index has declined in the last decade
3. crime rates are highest in western regions of Canada
4. violent crime rates have generally declined but remain high in the territories and some western cities
5. property crime rates have declined in the last decade
6. police-reported youth crime has declined

Question 15

System-based victim services

Answer 15

• short-term counselling
• court preparation and accompaniment
• assistance with preparation of Victim Impact Statements
• liaison services with police, courts, crown, and corrections

Question 16

police based victim services

Answer 16

• information
• support
• assistance
• referral to other services
• ;court orientation

Question 17

court-based victim services

Answer 17

• court orientation
• preparation and accompaniment to court
• case progress updates
• coordinating meetings w the crown

Question 18

community-based victim services

Answer 18

• emotional support
• referrals
• information
• court orientation

Question 19

victims of crimes

Answer 19

have the right to request info about the status and outcome of an investigation, available victim conditional release, or copies of any order ab bail, conditional sentence, or probation

Question 20

restitution

Answer 20

refers to a “court-ordered payment that an offender makes to a victim to compensate for a loss or damage to property

Question 21

racial profiling

Answer 21

any action undertaken for reasons of safety security or public protection that relies on stereotypes ab race, colour, ethnicity, ancestry religion or place of origin rather than on reasonable suspicion, to single out an individual for greater scrutiny or in different treatment

Question 22

indigenous

Answer 22

used to denote status and non-status indian metis an inuit

Question 23

sextortion

Answer 23

a category of sexual exploitation or blackmail where an offender threatens to distribute sexual images or info to the public

Question 24

office of the federal ombudsman for the victims of crime

Answer 24

outlines the variety of victim services offered by federal and provincial governments, police services, courts, and non governmental organizations

Question 25

gamergate

Answer 25

pernicious attack on one female game developer, Zoe Quinn, and her sex life. Quinn has been the victim of death threats and harassment since she began trying to publish Depression Quest, a text-based game partially based on her own experience with depression, in 2013.

Question 26

doxing

Answer 26

refers to the practice of searching, sharing, and publicizing the personal information of people on the web on a website, forum, or other publicly accessible venue.

Question 27

Racism

Answer 27

Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s race is superior.

Question 28

Prejudice

Answer 28

The unsubstantiated, negative prejudgment of individuals or groups, generally on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or race.

Question 29

Discrimination

Answer 29

An action or a decision that treats a person or a group negatively for reasons such as their race, age, or disability.

Question 30

Racialized persons

Answer 30

Persons, other than Indigenous people, who are non-Caucasian in race or nonwhite in colour.

Question 31

Racialization

Answer 31

The process by which societies construct races as real, different, and unequal in ways that matter to economic, political and social life

Question 32

Racial profiling

Answer 32

Any action undertaken for reasons of safety, security or public protection that relies on stereotypes about race, colour, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, or place of origin rather than on reasonable suspicion, to single out an individual for greater scrutiny or different treatment.

Question 33

Re-victimization

Answer 33

The negative impact on victims of crime caused by the decisions and actions of criminal justice personnel.

Question 34

Canadian Victims Bill of Rights(S.C. 2015, c. 13, s. 2) sets out a number of statutory rights for what?

Answer 34

the victims of crime, including the right to information, participation, protection, and restitution.