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HEALTH EDUCATION NCM 102 > Lesson 1: Learning Theories > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Learning Theories Flashcards

1
Q

coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn.

A

Learning Theories

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2
Q

Why do we need to study the different learning theories?

A

to apply in healthcare practice and understand how people learn and behave in many ways.

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3
Q

What are the five different learning theories?

A

Behaviorist
Cognitive
Social Learning
Psychodynamic
Humanistic

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4
Q

To change the behavior, change the environment

A

Behaviorist Theory

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5
Q

emphasizes the importance of STIMULUS CONDITIONS and ASSOCIATIONS formed in the learning process.

A

Classical Conditioning

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6
Q

Exposing one to his/her own fear of a specific stimulus in order to extinguish/unlearn/desensitize them

A

Systematic Desensitization

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7
Q

Tendency of an initial learning experience to be applied to a similar stimuli

A

Stimulus Generalization

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8
Q

The tendency of an extinguished response to reappear once there is a similar stimulus to the initial learning experience

A

Spontaneous Recovery

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9
Q

behavior of the organism and the REINFORCEMENT that occurs AFTER the response

A

Operant Conditioning

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10
Q

Adding appetitive stimulus

A

Positive reinforcement

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11
Q

Adding a noxious stimulus

A

Positive Punishment

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12
Q

Removing appetitive stimulus

A

Negative Punishment

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13
Q

Removing a noxious stimulus

Example: Turning off an alarm clock by hitting the snooze button.
Noxious Stimulus: Alarm clock
Desired behavior: Get out of bed
Negative Reinforcement Behavior: Hitting the snooze button

A

Negative Reinforcement (ESCAPE)

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14
Q

Avoiding a noxious stimulus

Example: Studying to avoid getting bad grades
Noxious stimulus: bad grades
Desired behavior: Studying

A

Negative reinforcement (ACTIVE AVOIDANCE)

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15
Q

To change the behavior, change the cognitions

A

COGNITIVE THEORY

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16
Q

memory, thought, perception, and processing/structuring information

A

Cognition

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17
Q

Perception is selective.

A

Gestalt Perspective

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18
Q

What are the four thinking processes?

A

Thought
Reasoning
Ways how information is encountered and stored
Memory functioning

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19
Q

Four Stages of Memmory

A

Attention
Processing
Memory Storage
Action

20
Q

Gaining the learner’s attention

A

reception

21
Q

Informing the learner of the objectives and expectations

A

expectancy

22
Q

stimulate recall of prior learning

A

retrieval

23
Q

presenting information

A

selective perception

24
Q

providing guidance to facilitate understanding

A

semantic encoding

25
Q

having the learner demonstrate the information or skill

A

responding

26
Q

feedbacking

A

reinforcement

27
Q

assessing the learner’s performance

A

retrieval

28
Q

working to enhance retention and transfer through application and varied practice

A

generalization

29
Q

best known cognitive developmental theorist

A

Jean Piaget

30
Q

reflexes, instinctual actions

A

Sensorimotor (birth to 2 yrs)

31
Q

increasing symbolic thinking

A

preoperational (2-7 yrs)

32
Q

logical reasoning on concrete events

A

concrete operational (7-11 yrs)

33
Q

abstract and logical reasons
idealistic thoughts

A

formal operational (11-15 yrs)

34
Q

to change behavior, change role models, perceived reinforcement, and the learner’s self-regulating mechanisms

A

Social Learning Theory

35
Q

taking note of other people’s behavior and what happens to them

A

role modelling by albert bandura

36
Q

role model with high status and competence are observed

A

attentional phase

37
Q

storage and retrieval of what has been observed

A

retention phase

38
Q

learner copies the observed behavior strengthened by mental rehearsal, immediate enactment, and corrective feedback

A

reproduction phase

39
Q

learner is motivated to perform a certain type of behavior

A

motivational phase

40
Q

to change behavior, change interpretations, make unconscious motivations conscious

A

Psychodynamic Theory by Sigmund Freud

41
Q

to change behavior, change feelings, self-concept, and needs

A

Humanistic theory

42
Q

individuals learn by acting and responding

A

behaviorist

43
Q

individuals learn by perceptions and thoughts

A

cognitive

44
Q

individuals learn by feelings and emotions

A

psychodynamic

45
Q

individuals learn by demonstration and example

A

social

HEALTH EDUCATION NCM 102 (7 decks)

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