Lesson 1: Learning Theories

Question 1

coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn.

Answer 1

Learning Theories

Question 2

Why do we need to study the different learning theories?

Answer 2

to apply in healthcare practice and understand how people learn and behave in many ways.

Question 3

What are the five different learning theories?

Answer 3

Behaviorist
Cognitive
Social Learning
Psychodynamic
Humanistic

Question 4

To change the behavior, change the environment

Answer 4

Behaviorist Theory

Question 5

emphasizes the importance of STIMULUS CONDITIONS and ASSOCIATIONS formed in the learning process.

Answer 5

Classical Conditioning

Question 6

Exposing one to his/her own fear of a specific stimulus in order to extinguish/unlearn/desensitize them

Answer 6

Systematic Desensitization

Question 7

Tendency of an initial learning experience to be applied to a similar stimuli

Answer 7

Stimulus Generalization

Question 8

The tendency of an extinguished response to reappear once there is a similar stimulus to the initial learning experience

Answer 8

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 9

behavior of the organism and the REINFORCEMENT that occurs AFTER the response

Answer 9

Operant Conditioning

Question 10

Adding appetitive stimulus

Answer 10

Positive reinforcement

Question 11

Adding a noxious stimulus

Answer 11

Positive Punishment

Question 12

Removing appetitive stimulus

Answer 12

Negative Punishment

Question 13

Removing a noxious stimulus

Example: Turning off an alarm clock by hitting the snooze button.
Noxious Stimulus: Alarm clock
Desired behavior: Get out of bed
Negative Reinforcement Behavior: Hitting the snooze button

Answer 13

Negative Reinforcement (ESCAPE)

Question 14

Avoiding a noxious stimulus

Example: Studying to avoid getting bad grades
Noxious stimulus: bad grades
Desired behavior: Studying

Answer 14

Negative reinforcement (ACTIVE AVOIDANCE)

Question 15

To change the behavior, change the cognitions

Answer 15

COGNITIVE THEORY

Question 16

memory, thought, perception, and processing/structuring information

Answer 16

Cognition

Question 17

Perception is selective.

Answer 17

Gestalt Perspective

Question 18

What are the four thinking processes?

Answer 18

Thought
Reasoning
Ways how information is encountered and stored
Memory functioning

Question 19

Four Stages of Memmory

Answer 19

Attention
Processing
Memory Storage
Action

Question 20

Gaining the learner’s attention

Answer 20

reception

Question 21

Informing the learner of the objectives and expectations

Answer 21

expectancy

Question 22

stimulate recall of prior learning

Answer 22

retrieval

Question 23

presenting information

Answer 23

selective perception

Question 24

providing guidance to facilitate understanding

Answer 24

semantic encoding

Question 25

having the learner demonstrate the information or skill

Answer 25

responding

Question 26

feedbacking

Answer 26

reinforcement

Question 27

assessing the learner's performance

Answer 27

retrieval

Question 28

working to enhance retention and transfer through application and varied practice

Answer 28

generalization

Question 29

best known cognitive developmental theorist

Answer 29

Jean Piaget

Question 30

reflexes, instinctual actions

Answer 30

Sensorimotor (birth to 2 yrs)

Question 31

increasing symbolic thinking

Answer 31

preoperational (2-7 yrs)

Question 32

logical reasoning on concrete events

Answer 32

concrete operational (7-11 yrs)

Question 33

abstract and logical reasons idealistic thoughts

Answer 33

formal operational (11-15 yrs)

Question 34

to change behavior, change role models, perceived reinforcement, and the learner's self-regulating mechanisms

Answer 34

Social Learning Theory

Question 35

taking note of other people's behavior and what happens to them

Answer 35

role modelling by albert bandura

Question 36

role model with high status and competence are observed

Answer 36

attentional phase

Question 37

storage and retrieval of what has been observed

Answer 37

retention phase

Question 38

learner copies the observed behavior strengthened by mental rehearsal, immediate enactment, and corrective feedback

Answer 38

reproduction phase

Question 39

learner is motivated to perform a certain type of behavior

Answer 39

motivational phase

Question 40

to change behavior, change interpretations, make unconscious motivations conscious

Answer 40

Psychodynamic Theory by Sigmund Freud

Question 41

to change behavior, change feelings, self-concept, and needs

Answer 41

Humanistic theory

Question 42

individuals learn by acting and responding

Answer 42

behaviorist

Question 43

individuals learn by perceptions and thoughts

Answer 43

cognitive

Question 44

individuals learn by feelings and emotions

Answer 44

psychodynamic

Question 45

individuals learn by demonstration and example

Answer 45

social