Lesson 1: Kinetic Molecular Theory Flashcards
What is Kinetic Molecular Theory?
It provides an overview of the microscopic properties of molecules of atoms and their interaction.
What are the 4 statements by KMT?
- Matter is composed of small particles.
(Atoms are a building blocks of matter; Matter can also exist as molecules) - The molecules interact with another through attractive forces.
(Intermolecular Forces is the attractive forces between molecules; the stronger the interaction, the smaller their distance will be) - These molecules are always in constant random motion.
(Depending on temperature and strength of the interaction between particles) - The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecule.
(As heat increases, kinetic energy increases)
- restricted motion due to their strong intermolecular forces
- particles vibrate
- High density
Solids
- intermediate intermolecular forces
- move past each other
- restricted to small distances
- High density
Liquids
- weak intermolecular forces
- move in relatively long distances before collision
- Low density
Gases
As heat increases, kinetic energy ______
increases
At what temperature does intermolecular forces determine the state of a substance?
Low temperature
The physical state of matter is affected by both _____ and _____
kinetic energy and intermolecular forces
At higher temperature, the molecules have higher kinetic energy, and will be able to _______ the intermolecular forces present.
overcome
What are the two types of attractive forces?
- Intramolecular forces
- Intermolecular forces
- within
- holds particles together in metallic, ionic, and covalent bonds
- bonds formed withun the atom
Intramolecular forces
- between
- attractive forces between molecules
- explains the property of a molecule
Intermolecular forces
What are the four types of it intermolecular forces?
- Dipole-Dipole Forces (Van der waals)
- Ion-Dipole Forces
- London Dispersion Forces
- Hydrogen Bonds
pair of two opposite charge
Dipole
- exist between polar molecules
- the larger the dipole moment, the _____ the force
Dipole-Dipole Forces
______ - greater the force
- results from interaction between an ion and a polar molecule
- the higher the charge of ion the ______ magnitude of the dipole
Ion-Dipole Forces
_____ - higher magnitude of the dipole
what do you call the interaction between ion and polar molecules?
Electrostatic attraction
- weakest intermolecular force
- present between all types of molecules due to the movement of electrons
- only forces acting in non polar molecules
London Dispersion Forces
- strongest intermolecular force
- special type of dipole-dipole interaction in molecules
- hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom
Hydrogen Bond
