Lesson 1: Discourse, Connected Discourse, and Transition Words Flashcards
“the original words and form of a written or printed work.
Text, defined by merriam-webster dictionary
Text was inspired by the latin word
Texere
Texere means
to weave
the use of words to exchange thoughts and ideas
discourse
a piece of naturally occurring spoken, written, or signed discourse identified for purposes of analysis.
text, defined by crystal
a continuous stretch of spoken language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, an argument, a joke, or narrating.
discourse, defined by crystal
a stretch of language interpreted formally, without context
text, defined by cook
a stretch of language perceived to be meaningful, unified, and purposeful
discourse defined by cook
a relatively long and incorporated part of language, such as a written disagreement or oral discussion.
Connected discourse
a spoken language in a continuous sequence, as in normal conversation
Connected speech
Who defined connected speech?
Richard Nordquist
the quality of being logical and consistent
coherence
is the unifying element in a text or discourse. It is concerned with how ideas in a sentence are arranged and connected in order
Coherence
Shows relation of different ideas. Sequencing
Transition word
Do’s and Don’ts of Essay Transitions
· Only use transitions when introducing new ideas.
· Use them sparingly.
· Examine the papers to ensure that they make sense.
· Don’t repeat transitions within the same paragraph.
· Begin by making an outline so you know what ideas to share and how to share them. Don’t rely solely on transitions to indicate relationships.
· For each idea, use a different transition. Don’t use it in your content unless you understand how it works.
is a grammatical term for arranging words in a way that is syntactically correct.
Parallelism
refers to the process of creating sentences with the same, or parallel, structure.
parallelism
The Functions of Parallelism
- Parallel writing is clearer and more concise.
- Parallel structure in the list. Items in a list must be parallel.
- Phrases and Clauses must be parallel.
4.Parallel structures in ideas and concepts. “Ideas and concepts are helpful to be parallel.” - Clear writing requires parallel structures.
Parallel writing is clearer and more concise.
Without it, writing is awkward. Parallel structure improves coherence and consistency.
When creating lists, the items in the list should be parallel. For example, in your list, you might have nouns and adjectives listed appropriately in a given sentence.
Parallel structure in the list. Items in a list must be parallel.
Parallel Examples with Phrases
Incorrect: Please place the leftover chicken on the counter or you can put it in the refrigerator.
Correct: Please place the leftover chicken on the counter or in the refrigerator.
Parallel Examples with Clauses
Incorrect: My parents did not approve of my actions or what I said.
Correct: My parents did not approve of what I did nor what I said.
Phrases and Clauses must be parallel.
When constructing sentences, it is important to use similar ideas and concepts. This helps to improve coherence and consistency
Parallel structures in ideas and concepts. “Ideas and concepts are helpful to be parallel.
Parallelism in literature is defined as the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses and phrases. Parallel structure is necessary for correct grammatical structure because it improves coherence and consistency. All good writers understand the value of parallelism and keep it in mind when writing sentences.
Incorrect: My roommates enjoy playing basketball, baseball, and cooking.
Correct: My roommates enjoy playing basketball, playing baseball, and cooking.
Clear writing requires parallel structures.
