Lesson 1: Developing the Whole Person Flashcards
emphasizing the complete aspects of a person or his totality
whole person
in order to understand what it means to perceive a person as a whole organism, we will discuss philosophical theories such as
dualism and holism
one of the modern philosophers of our time, influenced much of mankind’s thinking with his theory of duality or understanding the nature of things in a simple, dual mode
rene descartes
creator of duality
rene descartes
understanding the nature of things in a simple, dual mode
duality
people perceive things as
dual in character
the various aspects of holistic development of persons
physiological, cognitive, psychological, social, spiritual
the physical attributes including the five physical senses
physiological
the intellectual functions of the mind: thinking, recognizing, reasoning, analyzing, projecting, synthesizing, recalling, and assessing
cognitive
how thinking, feeling, and behaving interact and happen in a person
psychological
the manner by which an individual interacts with other individuals or groups of individuals
social
the attribute of a person’s consciousness, and beliefs, including the values and virtues that guide and put meaning into a person’s life
spiritual
understanding a person holistically means that
one aspect cannot be seen in isolation from the whole person
psychologists often refer to basic human drives as those that are
biologically related such as hunger and thirst
is the various emotional experiences such as emotions, moods, and affective traits
affect
examples of affect
emotions, moods, and affective traits
who identified the six basic emotions
paul ekmen from the university of california
six basic emotions that humans experience according to Paul Ekmen from the university of california
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust
who identified the four basic emotions
study by the institute of neuroscience and psychology at the university of glasgow (in the journal Current Biology)
what are the four basic emotions according to the institute of neuroscience and psychology at the university of glasgow
happy, sad, afraid, and surprised
emotion is taken from
the latin verb, movare
taken from the latin verb, movare, which means to move or be upset or agitated
emotion
a descriptive term referring to variations in level of arousal, affective state or mood, expressive movements, and attitudes
emotion (smith, 1973)
person’s physical responses in a state of strong emotion
faster heartbeat, profuse sweating, dilation of pupils, high blood pressure, muscular tremors, affecting nervous system
filipino of happy
masaya or maligaya
filipino of sad
malungkot or malumbay
filipino of afraid/surprised
natakot, nasindak, nagulat, nabigla
filipino of angry/disgusted
galit, suklam, rindi
distinction between feelings and emotions
feelings arise from the brain as it interprets an emotion
usually caused by physical sensations experienced by the body as a reaction to a certain external stimulus
emotion
a person’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions about another person, object, idea, behavior, or situation
attitudes
a result of a person’s evaluation of an experience with another person, object, idea, behavior, or situation based on his or her values and belief systems
attitude
____ and ____ therefore, affect the attitudes of a person
beliefs and certain values
a manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has
behavior
can attitudes be changed?
yes
what can change attitudes
behavior
at the core of every person lies a ___________ that adheres to the highest ideals of human existence
system of beliefs
the ideals that create meaning and purpose in a person’s life
values
the universal human values that transcend culture and race
values
universal values according to the united nations
peace, freedom, social progress, equal rights, and human dignity
the universal values of peace, freedom, social progress, equal rights, and human dignity are
enshrined in the charter of the united nations & universal declaration of human rights
five core values of the workplace
integrity, accountability, diligence, perseverance, discipline
who created the five core values of the workplace
Robert L. Dilenschneider (Dilenschneider Group)
a psychologist and cross-cultural researcher from the hebrew university of jerusalem
Shalom H. Schwartz
conducted a research which covered many different peoples and cultures to identify the ten common values people have regardless of their racial and cultural backgrounds
Shalom H. Schwartz
what was the report written by Shalom H. Schwartz
Basic Human Values: Theories, Methods, and Applications
who created the ten common values people have regardless of their racial and cultural backgorunds
Shalom H. Schwartz
the ten common values people have regardless of their racial and cultural backgorunds
self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence, universalism
independent thought and action; choosing, creating, and exploring
self-direction
excitement, novelty, and challenge in life
stimulation
pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself
hedonism
personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards
achievement
social status and prestige, and control or dominance over people and resources
power
safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self
security
restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses that are likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms
comformity
respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional culture or religion provide the self
tradition
preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent personal contact (the in-group)
benevolence
understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and of nature
universalism
motivational goals that characterize the ten values that people have regardless of their racial and cultural backgrounds
openness to change; self-transcendence; self-enhancement; conservation
self-enhancement =
achievement and power
self-transcendence =
universalism and benevolence
openness to change
stimulation and self-direction
conservation =
conformity, tradition, security
an important personal value that will most likely put social justice in equal importance
power
contradictions in values according to schwartz may have been the result of
various circumstances in life such as gender, age, social background, and educational attainment
simplifying the ten values is just five values which are
right conduct, peace, truth, love, and non-violence
four basic universal values
life, respect, love, and integrity
difference between values and virtues
values are nouns; virtues are adjectives
value = peace
virtue =
peaceful, calm
value = integrity
virtue =
reputable, responsible, believable, honest, and truthworthy
value = love
virtue =
loving, caring, compassionate, gentle, affectionate
value = respect
virtue =
respectful, civil
value = balance
virtue =
objective, fair, harmonious
usually reflecting through virtues, which in turn become eminent in the attitude and behavior of a person
values
the distinct male-female gender categorization is also known as
yin and yang of eastern thought
there is dynamism between two forces in nature, and that each force is present in each other and will never exist in its purest form
yin and yang
a south african statesman, military leader, and philosopher, wrote about holism in his book Holism and Evolution
General Jan C. Smuts
who wrote the book “Holism and Evolution”
General Jan C. Smuts (1926)
the tendency in nature to form wholes which are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution
holism
General Jan C. Smuts
when was gestalt introduced
1890
who introduced the concept of gestalt
Christian von Ehrehfels
who supported Christian von Ehrehfels
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler
something that is made of many parts and yet is somehow more than or different from the combination of its parts; broadly, the general quality or character of something
gestalt
about seeing things as a whole and as something that is bigger than the sum of its parts
holism
to understand people better is to
see them in their totality
refers to the physical body and how this affects the other aspects of a person
physiological
refers to the thinking process of the person
cognitive
refers to a person’s way of thinking, feeling, and behaving
psychological
refers to the relationships a person has with other people
social
refers to the higher ideals, beliefs, and values a person adheres to which help guide the person in achieving personal happiness and self-fulfillment
spiritual
usually caused by physical sensations experienced by the body as a reaction to a certain external stimulus
emotions
outward manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has
behavior
system of beliefs that adhere to the highest ideals of human existence. these ideals create meaning and purpose in a person’s life that often result in personal happiness and self-fulfillment
values
descriptions or adjectives that reflect a value
virtues
