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UTS > Lesson 1&2 > Flashcards

Lesson 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

“The unexamined life is not worth living”

A

Socrates

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2
Q

was the first philosopher who ever engaged in a systematic questioning about the self; the true task of the philosopher is to know oneself.

A

Socrates

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3
Q

every man is composed of body and soul; all individuals have an imperfect, impermanent aspect to him: the body, while maintaining that there is also a soul that is perfect and permanent.

A

Socrates

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4
Q
  • We should know how we ought to live
  • This requires self knowledge where;
  • The true self is our soul and;
  • We should CARE for our soul to be virtuous and happy
A

Socrates

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5
Q

Plato supported the idea of the

A

“Dualism of Body and Soul”

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6
Q

Soul is the seat of reason and source of true and immortal self

A

Plato

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7
Q

Plato added that there are three components of the soul:

A

rational soul, the spirited soul, and the appetitive soul.

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8
Q

– Soul has rational part
– What makes human beings unique is the possession of soul and intellect

A

Aristotle

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9
Q

___ agreed that man is of a bifurcated nature; the body is bound to die on earth and the soul is to anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God.
- Soul and intellect exists but only intellect has substantial form
- The body can only thrive in the imperfect, physical reality that is the world, whereas the soul can also stay after death in an eternal realm with the all-transcendent God.
- Intellect is what makes us human, enables thought and language unlike animals
- Abstractions from experience, agent intellect and receptive intellect, not only perception but ideas

A

St. Augustine

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10
Q

Aquinas said that indeed, man is composed of two parts:

A

matter and form

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11
Q

Matter, or ____ in Greek, refers to the “common stuff that makes up everything in the universe.”

A

hyle

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12
Q

in Greek refers to the “essence of a substance or thing.”

A

morphe

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13
Q

the soul is what animates the body; it is what makes us humans

A

Aquinas

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14
Q

“But what then am I? A thing that thinks. What is that? A thing that doubts, understand, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, and that also imagines and senses.”

A

Rene Descartes

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15
Q

____ knows that he exists and continues to exists as long as he is a thing that thinks
- Conceived of the human person as having a body and a mind
- This consciousness that allows us to know that we exist composes our soul which is a substance
- The body is nothing else but a machine that is attached to the mind. The human person has it, but it is not what makes man a man. If at all, that is the mind.
- The self/identity depends on consciousness

A

Descartes

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16
Q

We are born in a blank slate

A

“Tabula Rasa”

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17
Q

He distinguishes between a substance (the soul) and consciousness

A

John Locke

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18
Q

Memory provides an infallible link between what we might call different stages of a person

A

John Locke

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19
Q

John Locke Two objections:

A
  • We forget much of what we experience
  • Our memories are not always accurate
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20
Q

The self is not an entity over and beyond the physical body.
- Men can only attain knowledge by experiencing.
- Self, according to _____, “is simply an illusion - a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement.”
- We are more influenced by feelings than reason, reason is the slave of passion
- There is need for :
- Education passions - learn to be more benevolent and patient
- Need for public intellectuals rather than professors to change people’s belief by sympathy, good example

A

David Hume

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21
Q

learn to be more benevolent and patient

A

Education passions

22
Q

Things that men perceive around them are not just randomly infused into the human person without an organizing principle that regulates the relationship of all these impressions.
- There is necessarily a mind that organizes the impressions that men get from the external world.
- Time and space are ideas that one cannot find in the world but is built in our minds; he calls these the apparatuses of the mind.
- Two fold nature of humans

A

Immanuel Kant

23
Q

essence of things beyond experience, God-like self, intellect

A

Homo noumenon

24
Q

things as it appears to observer, human self, physical

A

Homo phaenoumenon

25
Q

endowed with freedom, or agency, and can be subjected to moral obligation, true and real self that needs to be actualized

A

Noumenal self

26
Q

enables knowing noumenal self

A

Phaenoumenon self

27
Q

Blatantly denying the concept of an internal, non-physical self; what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life.
- “Self” is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.

A

Gilbert Ryle

28
Q

The mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.
- One cannot find any experience that is not an embodied experience. All experience is embodied; one’s body is his opening toward his existence to the world.
- The living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.

A

Merleau-Ponty

29
Q

We experience the world though our body

A

Embodied Subjectivity

30
Q

Experience changes the mind

A

Being in the World

31
Q

is an important part of the self and acts as one system with the mind

A

physical body

32
Q

We imbue the world with our own value and meaning

A

crucial to how we subjectively experience the world

33
Q

means that the self is distinct from other selves. The self is always unique and has its own identity.

A

Separate

34
Q

because it can exist in itself . Its distinctness allows it to be self-contained with its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition.

A

Self-contained and independent

35
Q

means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics, tendencies, and potentialities are more or less the same.

A

Consistency

36
Q

in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain person

A

Unitary

37
Q

means that each person sorts out information, feelings and emotions, and thought processes within the self. This whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self.

A

Private

38
Q

According to ____, every self has two faces: ___&____

A

Marcel Mauss;

Moi, Personne

39
Q

refers to a person’s sense of who he is, his body, and his basic identity, his biological givenness.

A

Moi

40
Q

is composed of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is.

A

Personne

41
Q

is another interesting aspect of this social constructivism; it is a salient part of culture and ultimately, has a tremendous effect in our crafting of the self.

A

Language

42
Q

More than his givenness (,,,), one is believed to be in active participation in the shaping of the self.

A

personality, tendencies, and propensities, among others

43
Q

For _____ & ______, the way that human persons develop is with the use of language acquisition and interaction with others.
- Both ______treat the human mind as something that is made, constituted through language as experienced in the external world and as encountered in dialogs with others.

A

Mead and Vygotsky

44
Q

• a person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction
• In order to engage in this process of “self,” an individual must be able to view him or herself through the eyes of others
• This assists us in becoming self-aware, as we look at ourselves from the perspective of the “other.”

A

George Herbert Mead

45
Q

Mead’s Stages of Self Development:

A

The Preparatory Stage
The Play Stage
The Game Stage

46
Q
  • children are only capable of imitation
  • they have no ability to imagine how others see things
A

Preparatory

47
Q
  • children begin to take on the role that one other person might have
  • children might try on a parent’s point of view by acting out “grownup” behavior
  • like playing “dress up” and acting out the “mom” role, or talking on a toy telephone the way they see their father.
A

The Play Stage

48
Q
  • children learn to consider several roles at the same time and how those roles interact with each other
  • They learn to understand interactions involving different people with a variety of purposes
A

The Game Stage

49
Q

• Zone of Proximal Development
• Emphasis of the “Expert Role” in the learning process

A

Vygotsky and Scaffolding

50
Q

These expert can be known as:

A

• Parents
• Teachers
• Peers
• Many more

51
Q

In trying to achieve the goal of becoming a fully realized human, a child enters a system of relationships, most important of which is the

A

family

52
Q

is one of those loci of the self that is subject to alteration, change, and development.
- The sense of self that is being taught makes sure that an individual fits in a particular environment, is dangerous and detrimental in the goal of truly finding one’s self, self-determination, and growth of the self.
- It is important to give one the leeway to find, express, and live his identity.
- ____ has to be personally discovered and asserted and not dictated by culture and the society.

A

Gender

UTS (12 decks)

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