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UNDERSTANDING THE SELF > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The word philosophy came from the two words, ____ & _____

A

philos & sophia

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2
Q

philo means _____

A

love

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3
Q

sophia means ____

A

wisdom

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4
Q

started in Athens of Ancient Greece at around 600 BCE
understanding elements, mathematics. heavenly bodies,
atoms, and man,

A

PHILOSOPHY

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5
Q

Ancient Greek Philosopher, Scholar,
Teacher

A

SOCRATES

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6
Q

Mentor of Plato

He was not a writer, and his
works were only known through
Plato’s writing

A

SOCRATES

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7
Q

Considered to be the main source of Western Thought

A

SOCRATES

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8
Q

Also called dialectic method

A

SOCRATIC
METHOD

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9
Q

Method of inquiry consisting of
series of questions to search for the
correct/proper definition of a thing

The goal of this method is to bring
the person closer to the final
understanding

A

SOCRATIC
METHOD

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10
Q

“the unexamined life is not worth
living”

A

SOCRATES’ VIEW
OF HUMAN NATURE

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11
Q

Touching the soul may mean
helping the person to get in touch
with his/her true self

A

SOCRATES’ VIEW
OF HUMAN NATURE

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12
Q

He believed that a person will
become wiser by reaching inside
themselves, to learn continuously,
and to look for answers

A

SOCRATES’ VIEW
OF HUMAN NATURE

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13
Q

Aristocles (428-348 BCE)

The Academy

He wrote more than 20 Dialogues
with Socrates as protagonist in most of them

A

PLATO

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14
Q

the physical
world is not the real world; ultimate
reality exists beyond our physical
world

A

THEORY OF FORMS

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15
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF FORMS

A
  • ageless and therefore are eternal
  • unchanging and permanent
  • unmoving and indivisible
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16
Q

PLATO’S DUALISM

A

Realm of Shadows
Realm of Forms

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17
Q

sensible things
which are imperfect and flawed

A

Realm of Shadows

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18
Q

composed of
eternal things which are permanent
and perfect

A

Realm of Forms

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19
Q

Humans have the immortal, rational
soul that is created in the image of
divine

A

PLATO’S VIEW OF
HUMAN NATURE

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20
Q

People are intrinsically good and
ignorance equates with evil

A

PLATO’S VIEW OF
HUMAN NATURE

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21
Q

THREE COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL

A
  1. The Reason
  2. The Spirited
  3. The Appetites
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22
Q

rational; good and
truth

A

The Reason

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23
Q

non-rational; drive

A

The Spirited

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24
Q

irrational; desire

A

The Appetites

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25
Q

Allegory of the Cave

“the more the person knows, the
more he is and the better he is.”

A

PLATO’S THEORY
OF LOVE AND
BECOMING

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26
Q

“love is the way by which a person
can move from a state of imperfect
knowledge and ignorance to a state
of perfection and true knowledge”

A

PLATO’S THEORY
OF LOVE AND
BECOMING

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27
Q

Christian Philosopher

He initially rejected Christianity for it seemed to him that it could not
provide him answers to questions
that interested him

A

ST. AUGUSTINE
OF HIPPO

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28
Q

He wanted to know about moral evil and why it existed in people and he also questions sufferings in the world

A

ST. AUGUSTINE
OF HIPPO

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29
Q

TWO REALMS IN UNDERSTANDING
HUMAN NATURE ACCORDING TO ST. AUGUSTINE’S VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE

A
  1. God as the source of all reality and truth
  2. The sinfulness of man
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30
Q

“God is love and he created humans for them to also love”

A

[ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO]
THE ROLE OF LOVE

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31
Q

“Disordered love results when people love the wrong things which was believed to give him/her happiness”

A

[ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO]
THE ROLE OF LOVE

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32
Q

Physical objects

A

greed

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33
Q

Not lasting and excessive love
for people

A

jealousy

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34
Q

Self

A

pride

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35
Q

God

A

supreme virtue and real
happiness

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36
Q

Father of Modern Philosophy
Rationalist

A

RENE
DESCARTES

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37
Q

Employed scientific method and
mathematics in his philosophy

Cartesian Method and Analytic
Geometry

A

RENE
DESCARTES

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38
Q

TWO POWERS OF THE HUMAN MIND

A
  1. Intuition
  2. Deduction
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39
Q

ability to apprehend
direction of certain truths

A

Intuition

40
Q

power to discover what
is not known by progressing an
orderly way from what is already
known

A

Deduction

41
Q

“I think, therefore I am”

A

Cogito ergo sum

42
Q

Cogito ergo sum

The cognitive aspect of human
nature is his basis for the existence
of the self

A

DESCARTES’ VIEW
ON HUMAN NATURE

43
Q

Soul/mind/self
is a substance separate from the body

A

THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM

44
Q

Born in Wrington, England

His works focuses on the workings
of the human mind, particularly,
acquisition of knowledge

A

JOHN LOCKE

45
Q

He believed that knowledge results
from ideas produced a posteriori by
objects that were experienced

Tabula Rasa

A

JOHN LOCKE

46
Q

Morals, religious and political values must came from sense experiences

“Greatest Possible Good”

A

LOCKE’ VIEW OF
HUMAN NATURE

47
Q

Morality has to do with choosing the good

A

LOCKE’ VIEW OF
HUMAN NATURE

48
Q

Moral Good depends on conformity
or non-conformity towards some law

A

Law of Opinion
Civil Law
Divine Law

49
Q

Born in Edinburgh, Scotland

Empiricism, Skepticism

After reading the Philosophy of John Locke, he never again entertained any belief in religion

A

DAVID HUME

50
Q

[DAVID HUME]

Mind receives materials from sense
and calls it perceptions and it has
two types:

A
  1. Impressions
  2. Ideas
51
Q

immediate sensation of external reality

A

Impressions

52
Q

recollections of impressions

A

Ideas

53
Q

Other Philosophers called the
human nature as the ‘soul’ but
He termed it ‘the self’

A

HUME’S VIEW ON
HUMAN NATURE

54
Q

he concluded that we have no
sense of impression of a self, thus,
we already have the idea of the so-
called ‘self’ inside us

A

DAVID HUME

55
Q

[DAVID HUME]
The self is a product of our
imagination and there is no such
thing as ____

A

‘personal identity’

56
Q

Born in Konisberg, East Prusia
(Western Russie)

A

IMMANUEL
KANT

57
Q

IMMANUEL KANT wrote three books which are the

A

Critique of Pure Reason
Critique of Practical Reason
Critique of Judgment

57
Q

he argued that the mind is not
just a passive receiver of sense
experience but
rather actively
participates in knowing the objects
it experiences

A

KANT’S VIEW
OF THE MIND

57
Q

He also stated that instead of the
mind conforming to the world, the
external world is the one who
conforms to the mind

A

KANT’S VIEW
OF THE MIND

58
Q

English Philosopher

he proposed ghost in the machine

A

GILBERT RYLE

59
Q

human consciousness and mind are very dependent on the human brain

Man is endowed with freewill and it
was invented to determine if an
action deserves a praise or blame

A

Ghost in the Machine

60
Q

[GILBERT RYLE]

TWO TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

A

Knowing-that
Knowing-how

61
Q

Austrian Neurologists
One of the pioneering figures in the
field of Psychology

A

SIGMUND
FREUD

62
Q

Founder of psychoanalysis

The unconscious mind

Hysteria

Free association, dream analysis,
hypnoses

A

SIGMUND
FREUD

63
Q

LEVELS OF
MENTAL LIFE

A

Unconscious
Preconscious
Conscious

64
Q

contains all those drives,
urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate
most of our words, feelings, and actions

A

Unconscious

65
Q

contains all the elements
that are not conscious but can become conscious either readily of with some difficulty

A

Preconscious

66
Q

mental elements
in awareness at any given point in time

A

Conscious

67
Q

PROVINCES OF
THE MIND

A

Id Ego Superego

68
Q

pleasure principle

A

id

69
Q

life instinct

A

eros

70
Q

death instinct

A

thanatos

71
Q

reality principle

A

ego

72
Q

moralistic/idealistic
principle

A

superego

73
Q

An individual is a product of his past lodges within his subconscious

A

FREUD’S VIEW OF
HUMAN NATURE

74
Q

We live our lives by balancing the
forces of life and death - opposing
forces that make mere existence a
challenge

A

FREUD’S VIEW OF
HUMAN NATURE

75
Q

Psychological strategies that are
unconsciously used to protect a
person from anxiety arising from
unacceptable thoughts or feeling

A

DEFENSE
MECHANISM

76
Q

DEFENSE MECHANISM

A
  1. Repression
  2. Denial
  3. Projection
  4. Displacement
  5. Regression
  6. Sublimation
  7. Reaction Formation
  8. Fixation
  9. Introjection
77
Q

Canadian Philosophers

Combined neurology and
philosophy in addressing the age-
old problem (mind-body)

A

PATRICIA & PAUL
CHURCHLAND

78
Q

Brain-mind “There isn’t a special
thin called the mind. The mind is
just the brain”.

A

Patricia Churchland

79
Q

Brain = Self

A

PATRICIA & PAUL
CHURCHLAND

80
Q

Abnormalities physiology
on the brain leads to deviant thoughts, feelings, and actions

A

PATRICIA & PAUL
CHURCHLAND

81
Q

facilities socially
accepted behavior

A

Normal Brain

82
Q

gives rise to aberrant behaviors

A

Compromised Brain

83
Q

The body-subject concept

Phenomenology provides a direct
description of the human experience while perception forms
the background of the experience
which serves to guide man’s

A

MAURICE
MERLEAU-PONTY

84
Q

Perception is not constant

A

MAURICE
MERLEAU-PONTY

85
Q

Forget bad memories, traumas

A

Repression

86
Q

Refusal to accept reality

A

Denial

87
Q

Projecting negative feelings to others

Ex: you’re angry but don’t want to admit it, so you accuse someone else of being angry

A

Projection

88
Q

Shifting feelings from the real target to a safer one

Ex: upset with boss so you take it out on a friend or a family member

A

Displacement

89
Q

Going back to childlike behavior

Ex: an adult might throw a tantrum or seek comfort like hug a stuffed toy

A

Regression

90
Q

Reverting negative feelings to something positive

Ex: feeling sad so you exercise

A

Sublimation

91
Q

Hiding their true feelings by doing the exact opposite of what they actually feel

Ex: A person feels jealous of her friend, so she overly praises her friend which hides her true feelings

A

Reaction Formation

92
Q

Unresolved past experiences affects someone’s behavior in later stages of life

Ex: a persona experienced a lot of stress during earlier stages of life, they might develop oral fixations as an adult such as nail biting

A

Fixation

93
Q

Absorbing other people’s emotions

Ex: adapting their beliefs, values, behaviors which leads to lack of personal identity

A

Introjection

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (5 decks)

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