Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOCHEM > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of science that explores the chemical processes and substances within living organisms.

A

biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The branch of biochemistry that studies how chemical compounds found in medicine interact with the molecular components of cells such as nucleic acids, proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

A

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a molecule that is relatively smaller or of low molecular weight.

A

Micromolecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms

A

Macromolecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A molecule that is produced by or
involved in the processes of living organisms

A

BIOMOLECULE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Four major types of biomolecules:

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two types of cell:

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parts of PROKARYOTIC CELLS:

A

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Nucleoid
Ribosome
Pili
Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a protective cover made of phospholipids and proteins

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rigid layer that provide structure and protection from the outside
environment

A

cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

layer of polysaccharides that helps the cell stick to a surface

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

region where genetic material is found

A

nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

molecules that make proteins

A

ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rod-shaped structures

A

pili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thin, hair-like structure

A

flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parts of EUKARYOTIC CELL:

A

CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
CYTOSKELETON
ENDOPLASMIC RETICUL
GOLGI APPARATUS
LYSOSOMES
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEUS
PEROXISOMES
RIBOSOMES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

holds and protects the cell.

A

CELL MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Components of the cell membrane:

A

PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
CHOLESTEROL
PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

often used to describe the membrane

A

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

increases the fluidity of the membrane

A

cholesterol

21
Q

inserted/ embedded on cell membrane ; acts as transport

A

Integral protein

22
Q

loosely attached, protruding out of the cell ; acts as receptor

A

Peripheral protein

23
Q

primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A

Nucleus

24
Q

Three components of nucleus:

A

nucleoplasm
chromosomes
nuclear membrane

25
Q

gelatinous matrix or base material of the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

26
Q

either embedded or suspended in the nucleoplasm(double helix

A

chromosomes

27
Q

serves as skin around nucleus which contains holes (nuclear pores) through which large molecules can enter or exit

A

nuclear membrane

28
Q

where tRNA molecule is manufactured

A

nucleolus

29
Q

semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix which houses important organelles in the
cell like the golgi apparatus, ER, mitochondria, vacuoles

A

cytoplasm

30
Q

semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

A

cytosol

31
Q

highly convoluted(very twisted) system of membranes that are interconnected and arranged to form a transport network of tubules and flattened sacs within the
cytoplasm.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

32
Q

attaches to the outer surface of the membrane

A

rough ER

33
Q

not attached to the membrane

A

smooth ER

34
Q

consists of rRNA
used for manufacturing of proteins

A

ribosomes

35
Q

clusters of ribosomes held together by a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

polyribosomes/polysomes

36
Q

polysomes composed by two subunits:

A

60S
40S

37
Q

stack of flattened, membranous sacs

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

38
Q

small vesicles that originates from golgi apparatus

A

LYSOSOMES

39
Q

lysosomes contains ______ and other digestive enzymes that breakdowns foreign material taken into the cell

A

LYSOZYME

40
Q

“powerhouse of the cell”

A

MITOCHONDRIA

41
Q

energy necessary for cell to function

A

ATP

42
Q

Three types of cytoskeleton:

A

a. microtubules
b. microfilaments
c. intermediate filaments

43
Q

system of fiber serve to strengthen, support and stiffen the cell

A

CYTOSKELETON

44
Q

both involved in making new cells

A

mitosis and meiosis

45
Q

any abnormality in number of chromosomes

A

ANEUPLOIDY

46
Q

abnormality in the 21st pair of chromosome

A

TRISOMY 21/ DOWN’S SYNDROME

47
Q

chromosome disorder where female has extra copy of X chromosome

A

XXX/TRISOMY X

48
Q

biologically male, exhibit female traits

A

XXY/KlINEFELTER’S SYNDROME

BIOCHEM (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions