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Brown Russian > Lesson 07: Describing things: adjectives > Flashcards

Lesson 07: Describing things: adjectives Flashcards

1
Q

Bolshoi (big) Theater

A

Больш’ой те’атр

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2
Q

Russian language

A

‘русский ‘язык

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3
Q

good day

A

‘добрый день

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4
Q

Tver’ Street [Moscow’s main street]

A

Твер’ская ‘улица

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5
Q

good morning

A

‘доброе ‘утро

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6
Q

in the Bolshoi Theater

A

в Бол’шом те’атре

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7
Q

on Red Square

A

на ‘Красной ‘площади

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8
Q

new

A

‘новый

This is the paradigm -ый adjective.

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9
Q

Russian (adj.)

A

‘русский

This is the paradigm -ий adjective.

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10
Q

second (adj.)

A

втро’вой

This is the paradigm -ой adjective.

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11
Q

new street

A

‘новая ‘улица

The fns ending for -ый adjectives is -ая

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12
Q

Russian newspaper

A

‘русская га’зета

The fns ending for -ий adjectives is -ая

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13
Q

the second door

A

вто’рая дверь

The fns ending for -ой adjectives is -ая

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14
Q

new name

A

‘новое ‘имя

The nns ending for -ый adjectives is -oe. Note that имя is neuter.

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15
Q

Russian name

A

‘русское ‘имя

The nns ending for -ий adjectives is -oe. Note that имя is neuter.

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16
Q

second exercise

A

вто’рое упраж’нение

The nns ending for -ой adjectives is -oe.

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17
Q

last (adj.): 3 ns forms.

A

пос’ледний, пос’ледняя, пос’ледее.

“Soft adjectives” ending in -ний have ns endings -ий, -яя, -ее. These adjectives typically are used to describe times or seasons.

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18
Q

morning (adj): 3 ns forms

A

‘утренний, ‘утренняя, ´утреннее

“Soft adjectives” ending in -ний have ns endings -ий, -яя, -ее. These adjectives typically are used to describe times or seasons.

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19
Q

evening (adj.): 3 ns forms

A

ве’черний, ве’черняя, ве’чернее

“Soft adjectives” ending in -ний have ns endings -ий, -яя, -ее. These adjectives typically are used to describe times or seasons.

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20
Q

spring (adj.): 3 ns forms

A

ве’сенний, ве’сенняя, ве’сеннее

“Soft adjectives” ending in -ний have ns endings -ий, -яя, -ее. These adjectives typically are used to describe times or seasons.

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21
Q

winter (adj.): 3 ns forms

A

‘зимний, ‘зимняя, ‘зимнее

“Soft adjectives” ending in -ний have ns endings -ий, -яя, -ее. These adjectives typically are used to describe times or seasons.

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22
Q

summer (adj.): 3 ns forms

A

‘летний, ‘летняя, ‘летнее

“Soft adjectives” ending in -ний have ns endings -ий, -яя, -ее. These adjectives typically are used to describe times or seasons.

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23
Q

autumn (adj): 3 ns forms

A

о’сенний, о’сенняя, о’сеннее

“Soft adjectives” ending in -ний have ns endings -ий, -яя, -ее. These adjectives typically are used to describe times or seasons.

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24
Q

evening newpaper

A

ве’черняя га’зета

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25
Q

spring day

A

ве’сенний день

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26
Q

winter overcoat

A

‘зимнее паль’то

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27
Q

summer night

A

‘летняя ночь

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28
Q

autumn weather

A

о’сенняя по’года

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29
Q

third: 3 ns endings

A

‘третий, ‘третья, ‘третье

This adjective is the only common exception to the types of adjectives already listed (-ый, -ий, -ой, “soft” -ний). There are other adjectives conjugated like this, mostly having to do with living things, esp. animals.

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30
Q

third day

A

‘третий день

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31
Q

third night

A

‘третья ночь

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32
Q

third morning

A

‘третье ‘утро

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33
Q

dog’s (adj.)

A

со’бачий

a “третий-type” adjective.

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34
Q

a dog’s life

A

co’бачья жизнь

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35
Q

cat’s (adj.)

A

ко’шачий

a “третий-type” adjective.

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36
Q

cat fur

A

ко’шачья шерсть

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37
Q

god’s (adj.)

A

‘божий

from бог, “god.”

a “третий-type” adjective.

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38
Q

God’s mercy

A

‘божья ‘мирлость

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39
Q

this house

A

‘этот дом

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40
Q

this book

A

‘эта ‘книга

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41
Q

this letter (correspondence)

A

‘это пись’мо

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42
Q

This house is old.

A

Этот дом старый.

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43
Q

This book is mine.

A

Эта книга моя.

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44
Q

That house

A

Тот дом

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45
Q

That book

A

Та книга

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46
Q

That letter (correspondence)

A

То пись’мо

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47
Q

This book is mine, and that one is yours. (formal or plural).

A

Эта книга моя, а та книга ваша.

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48
Q

This book is mine.

This is my book.

A

Эта книга моя.
Это моя книга.

In the first sentence, “this” functions as an adjective, modifying “book.” The adjective agrees with the noun. In the second sentence, “this” is a pronoun and is the subject. Book is a predicate nominative. In this case, we use “это” as an indeclinable neuter form.

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49
Q

prepositional singular endings for adjectives

A

for новый, русский, второй types:
-ом, -ем, -ом

for soft adjectives and those like хороший (to be discussed in the next lesson):
-ой, -ей, -ой.

Note that in both cases, the masculine forms are the same as the neuter forms.

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50
Q

in a new town/café

A

в новом городе/кафе

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51
Q

in a Russian town/cafe

A

в русском городе/кафе

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52
Q

in another town/café

A

в дру’гом городе/кафе

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53
Q

in a wintry town/cafe

A

в зимнем городе/кафе

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54
Q

endings for “третий-type” adj. in the prepositional singular

A

-ьем, -ьей, -ьем

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55
Q

in the third house/letter

A

в третьем доме/письме

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56
Q

in a new book

A

в новой книге

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57
Q

in a Russian book

A

в русской книге

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58
Q

in another book

A

в другой книге

59
Q

in a winter hat

A

в зимней шапке

60
Q

in the third book

A

в третьей книге

61
Q

What are the accusative singular endings for adjectives?

A 
1. Paradigm adjectives:
m inanimate: same as nominative singular
m animate: -ого /ovo/
f: -ую
n: same as nominative singular
2. Soft adjectives:
m inanimate: same as nominative singular
m animate: -его /jevo/
f: -юю
n: same as nominative singular
3. третий type
m inanimate: same as nominative singular
m animate: -ьего /jevo/
f: -ью
n: same as nominative singular
62
Q

Russian is beautiful.

A

Русский язык кра’сивый.

Nominative singular paradigm and regular adjectives.

63
Q

I know Russian.

A

Я знаю русский язык.

Paradigm adjective, accusative masculine singular. “Language” is inanimate, so the adjective and noun both have the same form as the nominative singular.

64
Q

This is our new metro.

A

Это наша новое метро.

Paradigm adjective, neuter nominative singular.

65
Q

I love our new metro.

A

Я люблю наше новое метро.

Paradigm adjective, neuter accusative singular. The neuter accusative singular form is always identical to the neuter nominative singular form, in both nouns and adjectives.

66
Q

Do you know the new Russian neighbor? (formal/plural)

A

Вы знаете нового русского со’седа?

Two paradigm adjectives in masculine accusative singular. Since “neighbor” is animate, the adjectives take the ending -ого and the noun takes the ending -a.

67
Q

Does she love her second husband?

A

Она любит второго мужа?

Paradigm adjective in masculine accusative singular. “Husband” is animate, so the adjective takes the ending -ого, and the noun takes
-a.

68
Q

We know the last tsar.

A

Мы знаем последнего царя.

Soft adjective in masculine accusative singular. “Tsar” is animate, so the adjective takes the ending -его. Since the nominative singular for, of tsar ends in ь, the accusative singular ending is -я.

69
Q

Do you know her third husband? (formal/plural)

A

Вы знаете её третьего мужа?

Третий type adjective in masculine accusative singular. “Husband” is animate, so the adjective takes the ending -ьего and the noun takes -a.

70
Q

nominative: cold winter weather

A

хо’лодная зимняя погода

The first adjective is regular, the second soft. The noun is feminine, so the adj. endings (nominative) are -ая and -яя.

71
Q

Do you like cold winter weather? (formal/plural)

A

Вы любите холодную зимнюю погоду?

The first adjective is regular and the second soft. They modify a noun in the feminine accusative singular. The regular adjective takes -ую, the soft adjective takes -юю and the noun takes -у.

72
Q

Do you know my/our/that town? (formal/plural)

A

Вы знаете мой/наш/тот город?

Since “town” is masculine, inanimate and in the accusative singular, the noun and its adjectives retain the nominative singular forms.

73
Q

He loves this/our wine.

A

Он любит это/наше вино.

Since “wine” is neuter and accusative singular, the noun and its adjectives retain their nominative singular forms.

74
Q

Do you know my/our friend? (formal/plural)

A

Вы знаете мое’го/‘нашего друга?

“Friend” is masculine singular and accusative, but it is also animate. The adjectives take the ending -его and the noun takes -a.

75
Q

She loves this/that Englishman.

A

Она любит ‘этого/то’го англичанина.

“Englishman” is masculine and accusative singular, but it is also animate, so these adjectives take -ого and the noun takes -a.

76
Q

Do you know my/our daughter? (formal/plural)

A

Вы знаете мо’ю/‘нашу дочь?

“Daughter” is feminine and accusative singular. Note the endings of these adjectives. Also note that the noun retains its nominative singular form because it is a feminine noun ending in -ь.

77
Q

in my/your house/letter. (familiar singular)

A

в моём/твоём доме/письме

Prepositional singular masculine and neuter. Note the endings of the adjectives. As usual, the masculine and neuter endings are the same in the prepositional case.

78
Q

in our/your house/letter (formal/plural)

A

в нашем/вашем доме/письме

Prepositional singular masculine and neuter. Note the endings of the adjectives. As usual, the masculine and neuter endings are the same in the prepositional case.

79
Q

in this/that house/letter

A

в ‘этом/том доме/письме

Prepositional singular masculine and neuter. Note the endings of the adjectives. As usual, the masculine and neuter endings are the same in the prepositional case.

80
Q

in my/your book (singular familiar)

A

в мо’ей/тво’ей книге

Prepositional feminine singular. Note the endings of the adjectives.

81
Q

in our/your book (formal/plural)

A

в нашей/вашей книге

Prepositional feminine singular. Note the endings of the adjectives.

82
Q

in this/that book

A

в ‘этой/той книге

Prepositional feminine singular. Note the endings of the adjectives.

83
Q

This book is in Russian.

A

Эта книга на русском языке.

Note that Russians say something is “on” a language rather than “in” it.

84
Q

on Red Square

A

на Красной площади.

Note that “red” is not considered a soft adjective. Also, “square” is feminine ending in -ь, so it takes -и in the prepositional case.

85
Q

at the Bolshoi Theater

A

в Большом театре

86
Q

in apartment/flat number three (i.e. in the third flat)

A

в третьей квар’тире

87
Q

in the evening paper

A

в вечерней газете

soft adjective

88
Q

in the street cafe (i.e. summer cafe)

A

в летнем кафе

89
Q

What is the most common adverb ending? (used to transform adjectives into adverbs)

A

-o

90
Q

beautiful

beuatifully

A

кра’сивый

кра’сиво

91
Q

interesting

interestingly

A

инте’ресный

инте’ресно

92
Q

cold

coldly

A

хо’лодный
‘холодно

Note the stress change.

93
Q

good

well

A

хо’роший
хоро’шо

Note the stress change. The adjective follows special rules and will be discussed in the next chapter.

94
Q

She speaks well.

A

Она говорит хорошо.

Adverbs always retain the same endings.

95
Q

American (adj.)

A

амери’чанский

96
Q

large

A

большой

97
Q

British

A

бри’танский

98
Q

bathroom

A

‘ванная

99
Q

evening (adj.)

A

ве’черний

soft

100
Q

second (adj.)

A

вто’рой

101
Q

main (adj.)

A

‘главный

102
Q

town, city

A

‘город

103
Q

good, kind

A

‘добрый

104
Q

at home

A

‘дома

105
Q

is/are

A

есть

This word will be discussed in the next chapter.

106
Q

western

A

‘западный

107
Q

winter (adj.)

A

‘зимний

108
Q

famous

A

знаме’нитый

109
Q

interesting

A

ннте’ресный

110
Q

what kind of

A

ка’кой

111
Q

flat/apartment [n]

A

квар’тира

112
Q

book

A

книга

113
Q

beautiful, attractive

A

кра’сивый

114
Q

red

A

‘красный

115
Q

the Kremlin

A

Кремль [м]

116
Q

kitchen

in the kitchen

A

‘кухня

в OR на кухне

117
Q

summer (adj.)

A

‘летний

soft

118
Q

small

A

ма’ленький

119
Q

bridge

on the bridge

A

мост

на мосту (irreg)

120
Q

overcoat

A

паль’то

indeclinable: it is borrowed from French

121
Q

first

A

‘первый

122
Q

plan, street map

A

план

123
Q

weather

A

го’рода

124
Q

to show (something)

A

по’казивать

125
Q

last (adj)

A

пос’ледний

soft

126
Q

embassy

A

по’сольство

127
Q

river

give nom. and acc.

A

ре’ка

‘реку (note stress change)

128
Q

Russian (adj.)

A

‘русский

129
Q

nearby, alongside

A

‘рядом

130
Q

today

A

се’годия /si’vodnija/

131
Q

bedroom

A

’спальня

132
Q

station (on metro or in the countryside)

at the station

A

‘станция

на станции

133
Q

also, in addition

A

‘тагже

134
Q

theater

A

те’атр

135
Q

warm

A

тёплый

136
Q

that

A

тот

137
Q

third

A

‘третий

‘третий type

138
Q

cold

A

хо’лодный

139
Q

school

A

‘школа

140
Q

floor, story (of a building)

on a floor

A

э’таж

на эта’же (note stress change)

141
Q

this

A

‘этот

142
Q

What kind of car is this?

A

Как’ая это машина?

«Какой» translates “what kind.” Note that “this” is not declined here.

143
Q

What’s the weather like in Moscow?

A

Какая погода в Москве?

144
Q

What (kind of) wine is this?

A

Какое это вино?

Although one cannot tell from this example, «это» is not declined in sentences like this.

Brown Russian (6 decks)

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