Lesson 03: Everyday Phrases, Basic Grammar Flashcards
yes
да
no
нет
This, that, it
Это
Thank you
СпасИбо
Good morning
ДОброе Утро
Good day
ДОбрый день
Good bye
До свидАния
Excuse me/I’m sorry
ПростИте
please/You’re welcome
пожАлуйста
уй normally silent in this word
Hello (familiar)
ЗдрАвствуйте
in this word, the first в is normally silent
where
где
in fast speech, the г is often elided
one
одИн
two
два
three
три
four
четЫрие
five
пять
A. What’s this?
B. It’s tea
A. Что это?
Б. Это чай.
A. Thank you.
B. Don’t mention it.
А. Спасибо.
Б. Пожалуйста.
A. What’s this?
B. It’s a rouble.
А. Что это?
Б. Это рубль.
A. Where is Vladimir?
B. There he is.
А. Где ВладИмир?
Б. Вот он.
A. Where is the tea?
B. Here/there it is.
А. Где чай?
Б. Вот он.
A. Where is the vodka?
B. Here/there it is.
А. Где водка?
Б. Вот она.
А. Where is the menu?
B. Here/there it is.
А. Где менЮ?
Б. Вот оно.
A. Thank you.
B. Don’t mention it.
А. Спасибо.
Б. Пожалуйста.
A. Excuse me, is this wine?
B. No, it’s vodka.
А. Простите, это винО?
Б. Нет, это водка.
A. Two, please.
B. Here you are.
A. Thank you.
B. You’re welcome.
А. Два, пожалуйста.
Б. Пожалуйста.
А. Спасибо.
Б. Пожалуйста.
Does Russian use the verb “to be?”
How do we write a sentence that in English would be
Subject Linking-verb Predicate-Nominative?
(e.g. “Mary is an Englishwoman.”)
Not in most places where we would use it in English.
Subject “—“ Predicate-nominative
(e.g. «Мэри—англичанка.»)
What are the Russian articles?
Russian has no articles.
A. What’s this?
B. It’s beetroot soup.
C. And what’s this?
D. It’s sour cream.
А. Что это?
Б. Это борщ.
А. А что это?
Б. Это сметАна.
What are the genders in Russian?
Russian has three genders:
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
What are the [nominative singular] endings for most masculine nouns?
- Any consonant
2. -й
What are the [nominative singular] endings for most feminine nouns?
- -а
2. -я
What are the [nominative singular] endings for most neuter nouns?
- -o
2. -e
What gender are nouns with a nominative singular ending of
-ь?
Most are feminine, but many are masculine. These must be learned on a case-by-case basis.
Are all [nominative singular] nouns ending in -а or -я feminine.
No. Some words (especially names) referring to boys or men end in -а or -я and are masculine.
What gender are words ending in -и, -у, or -ю?
Typically these words are neuter (one exception to this rule is names. Names always take the gender of the person they signify). They are almost all borrowed from foreign languages. They are indeclinable, as well.
What about names and other words denoting female people which don’t end in -а, -я or -ь?
These words are typically borrowed from foreign languages. If the words are names or directly refer to girls/women, they are feminine. They are also indeclinable.
it
он (masculine)
она (feminine)
оно (neuter)
Englishwoman
ангичАнка (cf. Anglican)
beetroot soup
борщ (En: borscht)
brother
брат (cf. en. brat)
Vania (nickname for Ivan)
BАня (m)
wine
винО (es/it vino)
vodka
вОдка
newspaper
газЕта (cf. en/fr gazette)
door
дверь (f)
day
день (m)
house
дом (cf. domestic)
uncle
дЯдя (m)
mother
мать (f) (l. mater, cf. en. maternal)
menu
менЮ (n)
Moscow
МосквА
window
окнО
father, dad
пАпа (m) (cf. en. poppa)
rouble
рУбль (m)
Siberia
СибИрь (f)
sour cream
сметАна
taxi
таксИ (n)
exercise
упражнЕние
morning
Утро
tea
чай
сhocolate
шоколАд
where
где
what
что (the ч in this word is pronounced like ш)
he, masculine it
он
she, feminine it
она
neuter it
оно
this/that/it (the latter before the identity of the item is known)
Это
and/but (indicating a slight contrast)
а
here/there (when pointing)
вот
