Lesions in the brain parts

Question 1

Lesion in lateral region of hypothalamus

Answer 1

Stops eating or eating less leading to anorexia. Loss of neurons may affect the feeling of thirst.

Question 2

Lesion in Ventor medial region of hypothalamus

Answer 2

Excessive eating , Obesity

Question 3

Damage to suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 3

Excessive sleepiness during daytime

Question 4

Generic or super symptoms

Answer 4

Damage to the hypothalamus can cause hormonal imbalances, malignant hypothermia, body�s inability to control temperature, diabetes insipidus, inappropriate ADH and diencephalic dysfunction ,neurological storms.

Question 5

Hypothalmic glioma or tumor

Answer 5

Euphoric "high" sensations
Failure to thrive (lack of normal growth in children)
Headache
Hyperactivity
Loss of body fat and appetite (cachexia)
Loss of vision (Hydrocephalus)
Precocious puberty ( if pituitary gland is affected)
Seizures

Question 6

Functions of medulla oblangata

Answer 6

Speech and swallowing
motor reflex control of larynx, pharynx and tongue
Coughing, salivating, vomiting, sneezing and taste
motor control of visceral reflexes
Coordination of eye movements and positioning of the head and neck
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
Relay for cochlear and vestibular signals
CN VIII
Regulation of consciousness, visceral functions, sensation, etc.
Reticular formation

Question 7

Damage to radian ulnar and median nerves

Answer 7

Paralysis of the upper limb with reduced or absent spinal reflexres and reduced or absent spinal sensations

Question 8

Damage to the femoral obturator and sciatic nerve

Answer 8

Paralysis of the lower limb with reduced or absent spinal reflexres and reduced or absent spinal sensations

Question 9

Lesion in cauda equina

Answer 9

Bladder with reduced tone, unresponsive anus and a paralysed tail

Question 10

Lesion in medulla oblangata

Answer 10

Proprioception deficit, Weakness on same side or both sides. There is high chance of cranial nerve nuclei 9,10,11,12 is also affected

Question 11

Lesions to the Pons

Answer 11

Proprioception deficit in same side
Weakness in one side or whole of body with normal or hyperactive limb reflexes
Cranial nerve 4 and 5 deficits

Question 12

Unilateral lesions to cerebellum

Answer 12

Long sightedness / Short Sightedness

Contralateral head tilt ( tilting to opp side)

Question 13

Bilateral lesions to cerebellum

Answer 13

Generalized incoordination of head and limbs
Intention tremors
Generalized disequilibrium

Question 14

Lesion in midbrain

Answer 14

Opposite side to have proprioception deficit and weakness on that side
Damage to nuclei of cranial nerve 3 , in large midbrain lesion organism will be in state of near unconsciousness

Question 15

Lesion in diencephalon

Answer 15

Very difficult to differentiate from cerebral cortical lesions
May affect feeding , drinking , breeding , sleeping and other behaviours as well as regulation of body temperature

Question 16

Lesions in frontal cortex

Answer 16

Responsible for intelligence and fince control movements. Lesions cause
Dementia
Lack of recognition of self
Motor seizures with involuntary muscle twitching on opp side of body
( Lesions to internal capsules are same)

Question 17

Damage to parietal lobe

Answer 17

Deficits in general perception
Nociception
Temperature and pressure
all on opposite side of the body

Question 18

Damage to occipital lobe

Answer 18

Blindness with pupils responding normally to light.
Blindness with pupils that do no respond to light is associated with lesions in retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm or the optic tract

Question 19

MRI and CT scans

Answer 19

CT scans are helpful to detect changes in bone, acute hemorrhage, and CNS neoplasia. MRI scans are the best to demonstrate soft-tissue changes, eg, neoplasia, abscesses, inflammation, and hemorrhage. MRI is the gold standard for evaluation of lumbosacral disease in small animals. Magnetic resonance angiography can be used to evaluate vascular changes in the CNS.