Leptospirosis / Leptospira Flashcards

1
Q

what is a defining feature about the physical characteristics of leptospira

A

both ends are hooked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can you say about the structure of leptospira

A

gram negative with the presence of LPS and cell envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what stain technique can be used to visualize leptospira

A

Warthin Starry and Giemsa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is leptospira best observed

A

darkfield microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the transmission of Leptospira spp.

A

-urine of reservoir hosts and infected animals
- contact with infected uterine discharge/ placental fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how can Leptospira spp. enter the body

A
  • broken skin
    -mucous membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of transmission is associated with Leptospira spp.

A

direct and indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where are problems with Leptospira spp. more prevalent

A

wet areas such as:
- tropical
-flood zones
-stagnant H2O (ponds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some virulence factors of Leptospira spp.

A
  • flagella
    -haemolysins
  • several surface proteins (adhesins)
    -LPS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the clinical results of an increase of organisms growing the body

A

clinical disease leading to:
-death
- chronic active hepatitis
-leptospiruria (carrier state)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is Leptospira spp. eliminated from the body

A

kidney / urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the common clinical signs of a dog with Leptospirosis

A
  1. biphasic
  2. leptopiremic phase
  3. leptospiruric phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the common clinical signs of the Leptospiremic phase

A

lethargy
pyrexia
anorexia
weakness
conjunctival suffusion
haemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are common clinical signs of Leptospiruric phase

A

renal failure
kidney failure
respiratory failure
death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what clinical presentation is associated with servar Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni

A

acute haemorrhagic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the clinical presentation of the serovar canicola

A

uraemic type:
-extensive kidney damage
-ulcerative stomatitis

17
Q

what are the clinical signs of L. pomona in cattle

A

abortion storms

18
Q

what is the clinical presentation of L. hardjo in cattle

A

infertility and sporadic abortions
(milk drop syndrome)

19
Q

what is the clinical presentation of L. pomona, grippotyphosa and Icterohaemorrhagiae

A

haemoglobinuria
jaundice
pyrexia

20
Q

what are the clinical signs in pigs

A

infertility
abortions
stillbirths

21
Q

what are the clinical signs in horses

A

recurrent iridocyclitis
acute renal failure
occasional abortion

22
Q

what is used to diagnose Leptospira spp.

A

Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT)

23
Q

what indirect method could be used to diagnose Leptospirosis

A

-4-fold increase antibody titre between 7-14 days
- ELISA for rapid results

24
Q

what can be used as a direct method of diagnosis of Leptospirosis

A

-PCR test of blood and urine but expensive
- Blood Culture in a heparinized tube (green)

25
Q

what culture media should be used with Leptospira spp.

A

Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson- Harris medium with bovine serum albumin and fatty acids

26
Q

what is the treatment of Leptospirosis in dogs

A

Penicillin G
Doxycycline

27
Q

what is the treatment of Leptospirosis in horses

A

Penicillin
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides

28
Q

what is the treatment options of Leptospirosis in livestock

A

tetracycline
oxytetracycline
erythromycin
tiamulin
ceftiofur for reduced shedding