Lektion 4: Non-democracies

Question 1

what are difference between Monarchs and dictators?

Answer 1

Traditionally ruling monarchies
Shift towards personal dictatorship

Main differences:
Ceremonies and tradition

king had a lot of power, now they dont. Even before they were bounded by certain ruled, and they couldnt do whatever they wanted. It was always clear who was going to be the next king.
The organasational backing was also different in Monarchies and dictaorships

Question 2

How are the monarchs and dictators today?

Answer 2

Surviving monarchs are dictators (those who have something to say, not like the danish)

Some dictators rule as presidential monarchs

Since 1970s populist presidential monarchies more widespread
Based on popularity in wide sections of society

Question 3

How organisational rule by the military

Answer 3

Sometimes militaries run the government (Sisi in egypt example).

- Open: military council as de facto government 
- Typically transitory 
- Disguested: military controls civilan government 

Sometimes the military can be more rational actors, when the government is so corrupt, and etc. But then they can end up being dictatorships because they keep rulling it (the general such as sisi can be personal ruler)

Question 4

How Organisational rule by a party (China)

Answer 4

• Party committee rules (in autocratic regimes)
  
  • Typically after revolution or missappropriation of power
  • Rarer than junta
  • But more stable
  • Often associated with idealogy

Party organasation also get funded (in a democracy)

Transfering power in autocratic regimes can be difficult, but it makes it easier to rule through a party and to transfer the power (Mao example)

Question 5

What is a hereditary mocarchies?

Answer 5

Det var et tidligt monarchy system

det var baseret på det tradtionelle arvelig system. Hvor man “inherent”, en status/rolle.

Question 6

What is Military seizures of power

Answer 6

(militærets magt overtagelse):

Den ældeste måde og opstille et autoritært regime er ved at militæret overtager magten. Dette sås hos Napoleon.

Question 7

Forskellen mellem aktive og passive promoveringer af demokrati

Answer 7

Aktiv demokrati promovering: Man går ind aktiv og gøre noget, sender hjælp i form af militær. - udført en form magt, en handlen 
 - Examples:
 Military interventions
 EU accession procedure 
 Appeals
 Success often limited
 Domestic preconditions

Passiv demokrati promovering: Man støtter dem og skaber en form legitimitet for grupperne internt i landet. 
- Examples:
More relevant for comparative politics perspective 
Unintentional
Functional spill-over
Emulation, learning, competition 
Contagion
Domestic actors are key

Question 8

What are personal type of personal rule monarchies:

Answer 8

Rulling monarchies: mostly find them in the middle east. They decide things, and when they past away, the family takes over

Populist presidential monarchies: typically elected then they turn out being dictators)

Question 9

How does non-democratic regimes Survive?

Answer 9

• Survival of non-democratic regimes: why do we still have them?
  • Exstinction hypothesis –> Technically we dont have as many non-demo regimes as we think
  • Transformation sooner or later:
  • Evolution hypothesis –> modern non-demomcratic regimes, are more able to tend to democracies, or claim they are
    • Sophisticated adaptioon processes –> if you ask the russian democracy what they are, they will tell you they are democracies. Singaphore has only one party, and they always get 70% of the vote - so are they really a democracy?

Question 10

Which legetimacy reasons does non-democratic regime use?

Answer 10

• Legimicay: they have different reasons they legitimite themselves:

Religion: god says you are in charge. (Iran example)

Idealogi (China - are capitalist now, but they still legimitite themselves through communism ideology)

Democrativ institutions: Many pretends to be democracy institutions, you build them, but they are note really working (Iraq)

Refimes differ in intensity of claims to legitimacy: You get used to your surroundings

Totalitarianism: When every single thing in life is determed by the government

Authoritarianism

Question 11

Why the limited success of the Arab Spring?

Answer 11

Inchoate (ufuldstændige) societies
Lacking organisational leadership
Strong reliance on cognitive shortcuts
Miscalculation of real likelihood of success

Most tragic example: Syria (civil war)