Leishmaniasis

Question 1

Host

Answer 1

various animals - dogs, rodents

braziliensis - sloths

Question 2

Carrier

Answer 2

sandfly - don’t need water to breed - like termite hills

Question 3

Geography

Answer 3

donovani - visceral (kala-azar)- global
majora & tropica - cutaneous - old world
braziliensis - musculocutaneous - new world

Question 4

lifecyle

Answer 4

promastigote in guy of sandfly, transmitted via salivary gland to animal reservoir, amastigote in WBC - multiply by binary fission - cell bursts and releases –> cutaneous - goes into new skin macrophages, visceral - goes into inner organs

Question 5

diagnosis

Answer 5

visceral - spleen or bone marrow aspirate showing amastigote, dipstick test - Ab’s
cutaneous - amastigote in lesion

Question 6

treatment

Answer 6

Amphoteracin B, pentostam (pentavalent antimonials), paramomycin

Question 7

symptoms

Answer 7

donavani - early - irregular fever (double peak), anemia, leucopenia, diarrhea, bleeding gums, joint pain, weight loss
late - enlargement of lymph nodes, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly –> death

major - small red papule –> skin ulcer w/ exudate

tropica -small red papule –> skin ulcer, dry - heals in immunocompetent patients

brasiliensis - papule –> ulcer that turns into scar–> oral and nasal lesions after years

Question 8

control

Answer 8

flea collars on dogs