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NT - Support of Diagnostic Imaging > Legislation - XRAYS > Flashcards

Legislation - XRAYS Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 characteristics of radiation means effects are not immedietly appriciated

A

1 - Cummalitive
2 - latent
3 - Invisable
4 - Painless

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2
Q

define: Somatic effects of radiation

A

Somatic effects are direct changes to the body tissues or organs.

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3
Q

List some Somatic effects of radiation.

Hint SOMATIC RADIATION EFFECTS RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS BEFORE THEY DIVIDE PASSING THE EFFECTS ON TO DAUGHTER CELLS

A 
Blood disorders
Cateracts
GI upset
Hair Loss
Inflammation
Baldness
Death of Tissue
Infertility
Damage to devloping foetus
Burns
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4
Q

Harmful effects of radiation can be
1
2
3

A

1 - Somatic

2 - Carcinogenic

3 - Genetic

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5
Q

define: Carcinogenic effects

A

-induction of tumours (these are stochastic)

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6
Q

define: Genetic effects

A

-Inherited abnormalities

these are stochastic

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7
Q

Define: Stochastic

A

these effects are by chance, there is no minimum threshold of exposure

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8
Q

Define: Non- Stochastic

A

These have a dose specific threshold. once these thresholds are met or exceeded side effects will occur.

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9
Q

Radiation sources
1
2
3

A

1 - Faulty equipment

2 - Primary beam

3 - Scatter radiation

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10
Q

Radiation source: Faulty equipment

How often should tube head be checked?

A

Checked annually

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11
Q

Radiation source: Faulty equipment

The tube window must be covered by an ______________ film to remove _________________ from the primary beam

A

The tube window must be covered by an ALIUMINIUM FILTER film to remove LOW ENERGY X-RAY PHOTONS from the primary beam

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12
Q

Radiation source: Faulty equipment

Describe protocol for checking for cracks

A

1 - Tape envoloped non screen film to the tube head

2 - Leave in place for a few exposures

3 - Process the film, if there are any cracks these will show as black lines

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13
Q

Radiation source: Primary Beam

Body exposure

A

No part of the body should be placed in the path of the primary beam

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14
Q

Radiation source: Primary Beam

Collimation devices

A

Collimations devices should be used and checked periodically

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15
Q

Radiation source: Primary Beam

Horizontal beam work

A

Horizontal beam work should be avoided as much as possible

If it cannot be avoided it should be pointed towards thick wall

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16
Q

Radiation source: Primary Beam

Table protection

A

To stop the primary beam from passing through the table, it should be lined with lead to avoid exposing the radiographers feet.

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17
Q

Radiation source: Scatter radiation

Explain where scatter radiation comes from

A

Scatter radiation occurs when xrays hit a solid object, is not absorbed and it ‘bounces’ off in an unpredictabke fashion

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18
Q

Radiation source: Scatter Radiation

sources

1
2
3

A

1 Patient
2 Casset
3 Walls

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19
Q

Ways that we can reduce scatter radiation

A
  • Lead door
  • 2m distance from primary beam
  • use of grid for depths of >10cm
  • PPE - gloves, gown, thyroid sheild
  • Keep settings on minimal exposure
  • Minimum exposures necessary for patient
  • Collimate primary beam
  • Lead backed table
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20
Q

Dosemeters - Thermoluminescent

A

Lithium Floride cyrstals
- radiation effects the structure of the crystals, when the badges are heated the glow different colours depending on the radiation they were exposed to. .

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21
Q

Dosemeters - film badges

A

These contain small pieces of xray film which measures the exposure of radiation.

22
Q

Dosemeters - units

A

Millisieverts mSv

23
Q 
Dosemeters - rules
1
2
3
4
5
A

1 placed on trunk
2 avoid exposure to excess sunlight
3 only for designated wearer
4 replaced every 1 - 3 months.

24
Q

Dose limits - M.P.D

A

Maxiumum permitted dose

25
Q

MPD - 17+ years old

A

20 mSv

26
Q

MPD - 16-17YR OLD

A

6 MSV

27
Q

MPD - PREGNANT WOMEN

A

1 MSV though most practice policies will be that pregnant women do not participate in radiography

28
Q

Xray machine equipment - MUST HAVE

A

Light/Buzzer to indicate when exposure being taken

Colimation device

A timer

An exposure button that allows radiographer to be 2m away

warning light

2.5mm aluimium filtration

29
Q

XRAY Table regulations

A

1mm of lead sheet covering the table - to protect the feet of the oportator incase of manual restraint

30
Q

Controlled Area

A

Xray room is the area when any xray equipment is turned on and xray production has been enabled.

This is any area where the instaneous dose rate is likely to exceed 7.5mSv per hour.

This is usually 2m around the primary beam

No one my enter the xray room when an exposure is being taken.

31
Q

Sheilding

Most useful aids against scattered radiation are

1

2

A

1 - distance

2 - sheilding

3 -

32
Q

Barriers for primary beam

A

4.5in of brick

1mm of lead/rubber/glass/acrylic

33
Q

Barriers for secondary (scatter) radiation

A

4.5in of brick

05mm of lead/rubber/glass/acrylic

distance of 2m from the edge of primary beam, plus a plasteroard, timber or glass partition board

Special recommendations for flooring may be required if there is a room above or below the controlled area

34
Q

Classified workers

A

Workers that are likely to obtain more than 30% of any MPD whilst working with ionising radiations

35
Q

Radiation protection advisor

A

External personnel
any practice with an Xray machine hat requires a member of staff to work in a controlled area MUST appoint a radiation protections advisor

36
Q

Radiation protection advisor must have a ___________________. As set out by the Approved Code of Practice.

A

Must have a cirtificate of competence

37
Q

RPA’s give advice on all aspects of ________, and help draw up ______________

A

Radiation protection

Local rules

38
Q

Radiation protection Advisors could be

1

2

A

1 - Veterinary Radiologists

2 - a Health physicist who has an active interest in veterinary radiology.

39
Q

Radiation protection supivisor (internal)

A

Senior staff members appointmented within the practice.

40
Q

Responsibilities of RPS

A

responsibility for ensuring that radiography is carried out in accordance to the regulations and local rules

41
Q

RPA/RPS?

  • Barriers to primary and secondary radiation
  • Construction
  • Size
A

RPA

42
Q

RPA/RPS?

Working routine
- monitoring - whole body, extremity, environment

A

RPA

43
Q

RPA/RPS?

Machine
Table
Protective Equipment

A

RPA

44
Q

RPA/RPS?

Local rules
written systems of work 
changes to:
room 
procedures
equipment
A

RPA

45
Q

RPA/RPS?

Training-
Problems that may arise.
training staff on protection procedures

A

RPA

46
Q

RPA/RPS?

Procedures
Monitoring
Records
Protective clothing
Standardised training
A

RPS

47
Q

PPE for xrays

1
2
3

Sometimes
4
5

A

Lead gown
lead gloves
lead thyroid protector

Lead goggles
lead screen

48
Q

How thick should a lead gown be?

A

0.25mm

49
Q

How thick should be lead gloves be?

A

0.35 - 0.5mm

50
Q

When would you wear ppe for xrays?

A

When standing within the controlled area.

This does not allow you to stand within the primary beam

51
Q

XRAY RECORDS

What records what need to kept within the book

A 
DATE
PATIENTS NAME
STAFF PRESENT
VIEWS TAKEN
SETTINGS mAs and kVs. 
QUALITY
Grid Y/N
BRANCH
BREED/SPECIES

NT - Support of Diagnostic Imaging (7 decks)

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