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Year 2 Ocular Pharmacology > Legislation > Flashcards

Legislation Flashcards

1
Q

What does The Medicines Act (1968) state?

A

Medicines should be sold or supplied from registered pharmacies against a prescription written by a doctor or dentist

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2
Q

What are GSL medicines?

A

General sales list - able to purchase from shops (which are locked overnight) without pharmacist supervision as medications considered safe enough.

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3
Q

What do GSL medicines treat? Give 3 examples of a GSL medicine.

A

Treat minor, self limiting illnesses.
e.g. ibuprofen, hayfever tablets, CL sols and eyewashes

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4
Q

What are P medicines?

A

Pharmacy - kept behind the counter in a pharmacy, given with advise and warnings.
Generally safe but supervised and monitored to prevent misuse

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5
Q

What type of advise might a pharmacist give for P medicines?

A

Suitability of the medicine to the problem
Any contraindications
Any adverse drug reactions
Any interactions
Any specific precautions

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6
Q

What are POM medicines?

A

Pharmacy Only Medicine - can only be supplied against a prescription from a medical practitioner
Concentration of drugs high enough that one dose could have serious effects

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7
Q

What are CD medicines?

A

Controlled Drugs - controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
Drugs with a strong potential for addiction
Controlled tightly to stop misuse, illegal obtainment and harm

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of a CD medicine

A

Morphine
Methadone

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9
Q

What are OTC medicines?

A

Over the counter - GSL or P
Anything that can be bought without a prescription - guidance from pharmacist or pharmacy assistant

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10
Q

Under which legislations can pharmacists supply certain POMs against a signed order from an optometrist?

A

POM Human Use Order 1997 (AKA ‘The POM Order’)
The Medicines (sale or supply) (Misc. Provisions) Regulations 1980
The Human Medicines Regulations 2012

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11
Q

Under what circumstances can an optometrist sell or supply specific POMs?

A

In response to an emergency situation (not defined - use professional judgment)
In the course of their professional practice

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12
Q

What changes occurred within The Medicines Act in 2005?

A

Relaxation of rules governing supply of GSL and P medicines by optometrists
Atropine and Pilocarpine removed from optometrist POM exemptions
Additional supply list was established (can only use with additional training)

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13
Q

What does ‘Sale and Supply’ mean?

A

Optometrist can sell or supply all relevant GSLs and Ps, and some POMs

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14
Q

What does ‘Use only’ mean?

A

POMs can be used by the optometrist but cannot be given to patient, e.g. local anaesthetics

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15
Q

Which POMs can be used in practice and supplied to the patient?

A

Chloramphenicol
Fusidic acid
Cyclopentolate hydrochloride
Tropicamide

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16
Q

Which POMs can be used in practice but not supplied to the patient?

A

All local anaesthetics

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17
Q

Which Ps are be used in the course of an optometrist’s professional practice?

A

Chloramphenicol (if px is over 2 years old, it’s for acute bacterial conjunctivitis, and for a max of 5 days)
Dipromopropamidine
Propamidine
Antihistamines

18
Q

Which Ps have an optometric clinical use?

A

Mast cell stabilisers (Sodium cromoglicate, lodoxamide)
Adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine, xylometazoline)
Ocular lubricants
Staining agents

19
Q

In the Yellow Card Scheme, what should be reported for new meds?

A

All suspected adverse drug reactions

20
Q

In the Yellow Card Scheme, what should be reported for established meds?

A

All serious suspected ADRs
(includes off label, herbal, unlicensed)

21
Q

What year was The Crown Report?

A

1999

22
Q

What did The Crown Report recommend/propose?

A

All prescribers should take part in CPD
Inter-professional relationships should be improved
Changes to range and complexities of meds
Additional professions should be allowed to prescribe

23
Q

What are the benefits of Optoms using ocular therapeutic drugs?

A

Ability to diagnose and treat common eye disorders
Reduces referrals and GP/Ophthalmologist workload
Increases quality of px care (get meds sooner)
Cost saving (for NHS - costs to train Optoms to appropriate level)

24
Q

What year did the GOC change their rules to allow for SP/IP?

A

2000

25
Q

When did the Health and Social Care Act come in and what did it allow?

A

2001
Allowed some healthcare professionals to become SP or IP

26
Q

What year could Optoms become SP?

A

2005

27
Q

What year could Optoms become IP?

A

2008

28
Q

What are the responsibilities of an SP?

A

Prescribing for a px under a care plan set by an IP, continuing their care without the need to keep seeing the IP
e.g. in glaucoma

29
Q

What are the responsibilities of an IP?

A

Assess px’s with undiagnosed conditions
Establish diagnosis
Determine treatment

30
Q

What does IP allow for?

A

Effective treatment for emergency and non-sight-threatening eye conditions

31
Q

What can an IP prescribe?

A

Anything for eye conditions and tissues around the eye within their area of expertise and competence

32
Q

How long after qualification can you do SP or IP?

A

2 years post-qualification

33
Q

What is a Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

A

Set of instructions describing how px’s with certain conditions should be managed/what can be prescribed in specific clinical situations

34
Q

What is a Patient Specific Direction (PSD)?

A

Instructions for a named patient and the management of their condition which an SP follows

35
Q

What GSL meds does an entry level Optom have access to?

A

All GSL meds for use in the course of their professional practice (e.g. CL sols)

36
Q

What P meds does an entry level Optom have access to?

A

Chloramphenicol (px over 2, acute bact conj, max 5 days)
Propamidine
Dibromopropamidine
Antazoline
Sodium Cromoglicate
Lodoxamide (px over 4, allergic conj)
Phenylephrine
Xylometazoline
Fluorescein
Ocular lubricants

37
Q

What POMs does an entry level Optom have access to for use and supply?

A

Chloramphenicol
Fusidic Acid
Tropicamide
Cyclopentate

38
Q

What POMs does an entry level Optom have access to for use only?

A

Local anaesthetics (lidocaine, proxymetacaine, oxybuprocaine, tetracaine)

39
Q

What additional POMs does an additional supply Optom have access to?

A

Azelastine
Emedastine
Ketotifen
Olopatadine
Diclofenac sodium
Lodoxamide
Nedocromil sodium
Acetylcysteine
Polymixin B
Atropine
Homatropine
Pilocarpine
Levocabastine

40
Q

What can an additional supply Optom do?

A

Access defined list of extra ophthalmic drugs to treat non-sight threatening anterior segment conditions e.g. infective and allergic conjunctivitis, blepharitis, dry eye, superficial injuries

Year 2 Ocular Pharmacology (20 decks)

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